Global Warming a Fix for the Future - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1824 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Global Warming Essay Did you like this example? Everyone has heard the infamous words â€Å"global warming†, but not many understand the disaster that’s happening. Terms are thrown out such as carbon emissions and greenhouse gases the list goes on, and those not scientifically savvy tend to brush off what may become the downfall of humanity. According to Nasa’s official website, â€Å"The planets average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.4 Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010† (â€Å"Climate change evidence: How do we know?,† 2018, para. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Global Warming a Fix for the Future" essay for you Create order 6). This phenomenon has started to show itself as recently as this past year, making record breaking highs in temperature. The effects of global warming include warming of the ocean’s water, which can lead to catastrophic weather. Also, melting of ice caps will cause the sea level to rise, this will eliminate our coastline as we know it. Sea level is already rising at an alarming rate. â€Å"Globally the sea level has risen about 20 centimeters since the beginning of the 20th century and more than 5 centimeters in the last twenty years† (Steadman, Hugh, 2017, p. 21). Since the industrial revolution, around the mid 1800’s, carbon emission has been on the rise. The average carbon emission before the 19th century was around 280 ppm (parts per million). However, now Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are reaching 400 ppm. Since carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has a direct effect with warming of the globe this is bad news. Many scientists are warning politicians about cutting back on CO2 emission, but many are refusing to look at the science and refusing to make the changes needed. The idealistic fix is to cut carbon-based fuel systems totally and integrate a source of cleaner energy. The energy source most abundant is solar energy, replacing carbon-based fuel with solar energy is the future. Solar energy is limitless, clean, and easily available. With further technological advancements there’s no reason solar energy can’t be used to power every residential house, commercial building, or every vehicle on the road. Transferring to solar energy in those three areas could be the life or death difference for generations to come. Realistically, solar energy could replace nearly all sources of energy, including land vehicles and building power. There’s no excuse not to convert to total solar power, other than the humanistic thought of muscle cars ruling and electric cars stinking. The only time solar energy wouldn’t be a feasible option is in a case where a large amount of energy is needed at one time, such as a rocket launch. Fossil fuel use could still be a relevant source of energy, it just needs to be limited for certain situations. There are countless advantages to converting to solar energy. This isn’t a matter of making money, this is a matter of saving the environment as we know it. It has been shown carbon emissions are nearing 400ppm. According to Hugh Steadman’s research carbon levels between 4-450ppm will cause catastrophic climate destabilization, 425-600ppm will cause irreversible climate destabilization, and levels above 600ppm will cause human extinction (Steadman, H., 2017, p 21). Carbon emissions need to drop by nearly half to get this under control. These advantages include having an endless supply of energy, pollution being bare minimum, and reducing the use of fossil fuels. Since solar energy is a renewable energy source from the sun energy is limitless. Solar energy can even be picked up on cloudy days, in lower amount. If energy isn’t being gathered due to weather battery storage can be used instead to generate the power needed. Solar energy will be the most economically friendly solution to this carbon emission problem. Initial costs to set up solar panels will be quite expensive, but the ROI (return on investment) of solar panels will be massive. A study done in Poland, by Mixtaj, L., NaÃ… ¡?à ¡kovà ¡, J., Weiss, E., Weiss, R., Zawada, M. (2012, p. 363), showed an annual saving of 284 euros for electrical (solar) energy and a return period of twelve years. While other energy sources such as natural gas, the return period would be nearly double the time, twenty-two years, to get the money back from initial costs. Doing this will drastically decrease electricity bills per month making the investment instantly worthwhile. Greenhouse gases are the main culprit in global warming, solar energy drastically reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emittance. Solar energy has been known to produce small amounts of greenhouse gas, but nothing compared to traditional energy sources. This is the main reason solar is the best replacement for energy. The whole objective is to cut down on air pollution and nothing compares to solar when it comes to cleanliness. Another advantage of solar is the reduced need for fossil fuel use, with an abundance of solar energy there will be no need to waste precious fossil fuels on tasks easily achieved by renewable energy. Fossil fuels should be used only when necessary and at this rate they will be totally gone, soon. Fossil fuels have been in use for a few hundred years and are a great source of energy. However, the use of fossil fuels releases carbon into the atmosphere at a rate many times more than alternative sources. Research showed in 2014, fossil fuels were responsible for 81% of the planet’s energy source (Hartley, Peter R., 2018, p. 233). Ultimately, fossil fuels will become much more expensive as scarcity becomes more relevant, then pushing an alternative source of energy to the forefront. Benefits will be extravagant once these (solar) energy systems are put into place. Once governments agree to incorporate these systems electricity will be dirt cheap. The nation will be powered totally on sunlight with storage reserves always ready to kick on. Maintenance for these systems will also be minimal, the benefits are endless. This problem cannot be left alone any longer, the science is showing trends that are irrefutable. â€Å"Mankind has pumped some 150 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Almost half that amount has been emitted since 2000† (Steadman, Hugh, 2017, p. 19). The disadvantages of solar energy must be sacrificed to ensure a safe future for the planet. Some of these disadvantages include job loss, high initial cost, large area consumption, and animal habitat destruction. Loss of jobs is a difficult subject to tackle, one cannot be persuaded their job needs to be eliminated. For example, coal miners have already had a reduction in job opportunities and will only decrease in solar energy becomes a real possibility to power the planet. However, with a decrease in coal careers comes an opportunity in the solar energy field. It’s a tradeoff, many times in history these shifts have come abou t. High initial cost to install and integrate solar panels and batteries large enough to store the abundance of energy being brought in is another disadvantage and probably the main issue keeping progression low. After funding, finding an area to put these solar structures becomes an obstacle, a fear is the destruction of animal habitats. Some research on this topic showed that other than land clearing the environmental change had little effect on the wildlife within the area of research (Rudman, J., Gauche, P., Esler, K. J., 2017, p. 11). Assuming these studies hold true over time, solar energy looks very promising. The area needed for a mass solar energy plant is extremely large and presents its own problems in large cities. A fix for that problem would be to tie the energy into a grid and pump the energy in from a more rural area, easier said than done. The conversion to solar energy has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, but no disadvantage is greater than the future o f the planet if carbon emissions continue to rise at this pace. The environmental catastrophes will continue to get worse. Hurricanes will become larger and more powerful than ever before. Ice caps will continue to melt causing flooding in coastal areas. Crops will begin to die due to increased heat. The negatives of global warming are real and are in effect now, at a smaller degree. The negatives of solar energy being job loss, high initial costs, large area consumption, and animal habitat destruction. All these negatives can be mitigated to a certain degree. Job loss will level out and be replaced with more current jobs. The high initial costs will only hurt for a moment, they will pay for themselves in the long run. Animal habitats have been shown to do well with solar plants nearby. The positives are endless including limitless energy, low pollution output, and fossil fuel reduction. The data shows solar energy is the future. It’s a matter of time until fossil fuels becom e scarce and prices of all will skyrocket, causing an economical crash. Hugh Steadman predicts a nuclear war over resources (fossil fuels) as they become scarce (Steadman, H., 2017, p. 22). If solar energy plants are put in place today this fear can be put to bed. Results will show a decrease in global warming and all negative factors that come along. The world will have to work together and face this issue head on. One country cannot accomplish this goal alone. They all must work in unison. Cutting fossil fuel usage and putting forward a plan for the future. The most sensible plan is solar energy. The positives far outweigh the negatives. This is a plan that may hurt now, considering job loss, but will be far worth it in the future. It’s the only thing that can happen, because what’s going on in the environment cannot last much longer. It’s comparative to a lifelong smoker, they need to quit but the satisfaction for the moment blinds them from seeing the future. That future is not one, exactly like ours if these changes are not made. References Callery, S. (Ed.). (2018, September 21). Climate change evidence: How do we know? Retrieved from https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/ Hartley, P. R. (2018). The cost of displacing fossil fuels: Some evidence from Texas. Energy Journal, 39(2), 233–258. https://doi-org.db21.linccweb.org/10.5547/01956574.39.2.phar Mixtaj, L., NaÃ… ¡?à ¡kovà ¡, J., Weiss, E., Weiss, R., Zawada, M. (2012). Evaluation of Return on Investment for Proposed Use of Solar Systems in Poland. Metalurgija, 51(3), 361–364. Retrieved from https://db21.linccweb.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=trued b=a9hAN=77926197site=eds-live Rudman, J., Gauche, P., Esler, K. J. (2017). Direct environmental impacts of solar power in two arid biomes: An initial investigation. South African Journal of Science, (11–12), 93. https://doi-org.db21.linccweb.org/10.17159/sajs.2017/20170113 Steadman, H. (2017). Climate change or climate catastrophe? New Zealand International Review, 42(4), 19–23. Retrieved from https://db21.linccweb.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true b=a9hAN=124229931site=eds-live

Karl Marx, Alienation of Labor - 784 Words

Karl Marx believed that there are four aspects of a mans alienation that occur in a capitalist society. The product of labor, the labor process, our fellow human beings, and human nature are the four specific aspects of alienation that occur in a capitalist society. Marx said that in the product of labor the worker is alienated from the object he produces because it is bought, owned and disposed of by someone else, the capitalist. In all societies people use their creative abilities to produce items which they use to exchange or sell. Marx believes that under capitalism this becomes an alienated activity because the worker cant use the things that he produces to engage in further productive activity. Marx argued that the†¦show more content†¦Marx believes that under capitalism the human beings ability to plan production to match the developing and ever changing needs of society is reversed into a drive for profits. Karl Marx believed The history of past societies is the history of past struggles. Marx cites examples throughout history of how the lower class always rises up and createsShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And Durkheim s Theory Of Labor Alienation1419 Words   |  6 Pagesdivision of labor. Both Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, under this context of burgeoning market economy, sought to understand modern society and the underlying relations that lead to their formation and progress. In this essay, I will argue that while both Marx and Durkheim acknowledge the role of economic growth as a main driver of human society in their theories, they differ on the type of social relations that developed in tandem, relations that formed the basis of the division of labor. Marx (1978,Read MoreThe Economic And Philosophic Manuscripts Of 18441592 Words   |  7 Pages1844 was not published in Karl Marx’s lifetime. It is a series of fragmentary notes. Part of these notes is a piece called â€Å"Estranged Labor†. In this piece Marx rarely disputes the alienation of the bourgeoisie and focuses on the alienation of the proletariat relating to the hard work in factories in a capitalist society. I believe Marx is correct on his point of workers during his time and even so, it’s still relatable to today; there is alienation of the worker and of theRead MoreKarl Marx And The Great Philosopher Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx was born in Trier, Prussia in 1818 to a Jewish family, but despite his baptism at age 6, he later became an atheist. Marx attended University of Bonn, but due to his imprisonment for drunkenness and variances with another student, he was enrolled in the University of Berlin by his parents. Marx earned his degree in philosophy and began writing for Rheinische Zeitung, a liberal democratic newspaper. He later became their editor. Marx was a member of Young Hegelian movement which was groupRead MoreEssay on Perspectiv es of Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx1215 Words   |  5 PagesPerspectives of Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were full of evolving social and economic ideas. These views of the social structure of urban society came about through the development of ideas taken from the past revolutions. As the Industrial Revolution progressed through out the world, so did the gap between the class structures. The development of a capitalist society was a very favorable goal for the upper class. By using advanced methods of productionRead MoreKarl Marx : A German Influential Philosopher And One Of The Intellectual Fathers Of Communism1477 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx is known to be a German influential philosopher and one of the intellectual fathers of communism, writing when the industrial revolution and imperialism period was changing the nature of both the economies of individual nations and the global economy itself. He eradicated his view on the effects these changes had on individual workers and society. This introduced many of his theories, one of which was the idea of alienated labor. Alienated labor was written in 1844, Marx sets the view thatRead MoreEssay about Emile Durkheim vs Karl Marx1216 Words   |  5 Pageshistory, social theorists like Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx challenged the aspect of social structure in their works. Emile Durkheim is known as a functionalist states that everything serves a function in society and his main concern to discover what that function was. On the other hand Karl Marx, a conflict theorist, stresses that society is a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict that generate social change. Both Durkheim and Marx were concerned with the characteristics of groupsRead MoreEmile Durkheim vs. Karl Marx1689 Words   |  7 Pages------------------------------------------------- Emile Durkheim vs. Karl Marx Durkheim vs. Marx Introduction: For so many years, authorities from each field have deliberated normative theories to explain what holds the society together. Almost each specialist, from structural functionalism, positivism and conflict theory perspective, had contributed their works trying to illustrate main problematic to our society. In one way, one of the Emile Durkheim’s famous work is â€Å"division of labor† which was primarily focusing on howRead MoreEmile Durkheim And Karl Marx746 Words   |  3 PagesDurkheim and Karl Marx are considered the founding fathers of sociology. Both men had an influence on the development of sociology. Marx and Durkheim differed in their idea of what alienation consisted of. For Marx, the issue was class conflict. While, for Durkheim, it was a disordered society trying to adapt. Although they both had different concepts of alienation, both men believed that alienation lead to a man’s disconnectedness with society and their natural state of mind. Durkhei m and Marx also hadRead MoreSmall Element, Big Difference: A comparison of Adam Smith and Karl Marxs view on labor in a capitalist society.1723 Words   |  7 PagesAdam Smith and Karl Marx are both considered few of the most influential giants in social and economical history. When viewing their economical standpoints, it is not difficult to recognize the difference in ideas that they have regarding society. Adam Smith is an advocator for capitalism and the wealth that can be accumulated in it, while Karl Marx critiques on the flaws of capitalism and praises communism that will overthrow the capitalist society. However, both of them base their theories on theRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto And Das Kapital1151 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx was a philosopher, economist, socialist, and journalist in the 18th century. He is most famous for his books the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. Among his theories he discussed ideas involving the economy, politics, and social relations. Some of his most important phrases most central to Marx’s thinking were alienation, freedom, surplus value, and social relations of production. The new ideas he presented regarding politics and economics, his critiques of other theories and political

Legal and Professional Issues in Nursing - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLegal and Professional Issues in Nursing forChild Abuse. Answer: Introduction It is our responsibility as healthcare professionals to protect our patients from dangers that they could be facing from other people within the community. Very many individuals from children to the elderly experience harmful situations in the society and the healthcare professionals are tasked with the duty of addressing such abuses. There are several legal and professional issues that are addressed when these cases of abuse are brought to the table of healthcare professionals. Accountability has become more important in nursing than ever before for the sake of the public, their employers, the patients, and their profession. It is therefore crucial that the healthcare practitioners develop a more insightful understanding of the legal and professional dilemmas that they may come across in their course of work (Schmeidel et al. 2012, p. 33). In this essay, we will talk about child abuse, domestic violence, and abuse of the elderly. Additionally, we will discuss the professional and legal issues that are addressed by the healthcare practitioners when people report to them that they have been harmed. Furthermore, we will address the relevant documentation, codes, and legislation that govern the procedures of reporting these cases of mistreatment. Finally, the essay talks about the implications for the nurses and the delivery of care for the patient. Child Abuse Child abuse can be defined as actions and behaviors by an adult towards a child that are aimed at endangering or harming the child. Legally, a child is anyone below 18 years of age. Child abuse affects children from all walks of life irrespective of race, social class, or economic background (Cross et al. 2012, p. 211). How one responds to cases of child abuse affects the overall experience of the child and their eventual healing. Everyone in the society has the responsibility of reporting cases of child abuse in the first instance when they notice anything of the sought. As a healthcare professional, it is important to respect the privacy of an abused child if such a case is brought to your attention. Respecting the privacy of an abused child means that you will have to ask for their permission before attempting to look at any bruises particularly if the child in question is attempting to hide the bruises (Finkelhor 2010, p. 101). Additionally, it is the presence of another responsible adult is important when you are trying to look at the injuries. Professionally, it is essential that one reserves their comments after assessing the bruises because it could be possible that the childs body bears some marks that might not have resulted from the abuse (Miller-Perrin and Perrin 2012, p. 214). Any reasonable suspicion must be forwarded to the appropriate authorities for further investigations. Healthcare professionals are also required to ask the child questions with the aim of getting simple explanations regarding any marks that may seem suspicious. The role should not be investigating the child; instead, the healthcare practitioner should be aiming at getting the necessary information and report your findings to the necessary authorities (Furniss 2013, p.172). Practice professionalism as much as possible by avoiding leading questions and instead, asking open-minded questions. It is inappropriate to pressure the child by prompting for answers, instead let the child answer the questions on their own convolution. After finding all the relevant information regarding the abuse, it is important to document your observations concerning the abuse and neglect. Note down the conversation you had with the child in your own words (Lazenbatt, 2010). Additionally, document any information that the child or a member of their family said to you. It is important to note that anything you note down as having been said by the child is admissible as a piece of evidence in investigations regarding the abuse. It is then legally advisable to report the case of abuse to the relevant law enforcement agency. Chapter 261 of the Texas family code demands that anyone who believes beyond any doubt that a child has been mentally or physically has to report the matter to the Texas Department of Protective and Regulatory Services. In fact, failing to report an abuse is classified as class B misdemeanor that can be given a sentence of around 180 days behind bars and/or a fine in the region of $2000. The law requires that professionals such as health practitioners who handle cases of child abuse must report abuse within 48 hours. It is essential to provide the name of the child and their address if possible when making a report (Cross et al. 2012, p. 213). Your identity is protected if you report any case regarding child abuse and may only be revealed by a court order. As highlighted in chapter 261 of the Texas Family Code, the Child Protective Service carries out the civil investigation to determine whether the child has been truly abused. The major implication of this study is that the healthcare worker should be educated to have a better understanding of how to handle victims of child abuse. The curriculum of nursing should be modified to incorporate communication and policy skills. This will effectively improve the delivery of patient care to all affected persons. Domestic Violence This is an act of a threatening behavior or abuse that occurs between adults who are family members or intimate partners irrespective of sexuality or gender. It includes sexual, physical, psychological, financial, and emotional abuse among others (Goodman and Smyth 2011, p.79). Reports suggest that domestic violence is the largest contributor of injuries to women in the United States of America (Garca-Moreno et al. 2015, p. 1570). It is, however, worth noting that domestic violence is not only limited to women; men equally experience domestic violence in addition to any other family member. The healthcare practitioners have an ideal opportunity to address this menace of domestic violence that has become prevalent in recent years. The healthcare worker needs to address this issue of domestic violence with care to ensure that the victim is comfortable to disclose what they have gone through. The primary role of the practitioner when they come into contact with a victim of domestic violence is to identify the presence of the abuse and manage patient care effectively (Husso et al. 2012, p. 349). The first thing that a healthcare worker must do is to screen the patient for abuse. Nurses and doctors are encouraged to perform routine screening on patients to determine the presence of domestic violence. It is also important to evaluate the medical context of the abuse. This evaluation includes assessing the frequency and severity of the abuse and whether the medication is being withheld from the patient among other assessments. After these evaluations, the practitioner is required to provide the victim with medical care regarding the presented injuries (Husso et al. 2012, p. 350). Additionally, it is essential to evaluate the victims safety by asking them open-minded questions rather than leading questions. The victim must never be coerced into answering questions that they do not feel comfortable asking. This is to ensure comfort and trust between the patient and the healthcare worker. The next step is to provide a counseling session to the victim concerning any available management options and resources. The victim is advised on how he/she can handle future abuse and any resources that can be used to manage domestic violence. Additionally, it is important to document all the findings from your conversation and assessment of the victim (Roberson and Wallace 2016, p. 105). As a healthcare professional, it is advisable that you refer the victim to the most appropriate legal agency that will help the victim. It is important to exercise privacy during the screening process. It may even be necessary to exclude all friends and members of the family from the screening process as they may bias the response of the victim. Additionally, it is essential for the healthcare professional to make the most appropriate referrals regarding the needs of the victim (Roberson and Wallace 2016, p. 110). The victims needs may include legal services, advocacy services, and medical services among others. Healthcare practitioners required by law to report cases of domestic violence to the appropriate law enforcement agencies. This law helps to improve the data collection on abuse related to domestic violence and thus enhance patient care (Modi, Palmer and Armstrong 2014, p. 254). As a result, the perpetrators of domestic violence can be held to account due to their actions. The implication of this research, however, is that the healthcare workers need to be trained adequately to give them the necessary skills required to help the patients with the support needed to manage domestic violence. There is also an argument that the mandatory reporting law violates the patients right to privacy. Other doctors have even argued that the healthcare practitioner has no right to proceed with an investigation in situations where the patient conceals details of domestic violence. Abuse of the Elderly Abuse of the elderly is mostly defined as an act of omission or commission (Imbody, B. and Vandsburger 2011, p. 636). The abuse may be physical, emotional, psychological and financial among others. It is important for the healthcare professional to focus on individuals who are at a greater risk of experiencing abuse (Donovan, K. and Regehr 2010, p. 177). Some of the groups of elders who are at greater risks of abuse include the most dependent elders, those who are mentally incompetent, elders whose family members engage in substance abuse and elders who have mentally ill family members among others. Healthcare workers can make use of screening tools, for example, the Elder Adult Screening Test. The tool is made up of short questions that are designed to be used for the use of mentally competent elders. These questions help to assess if the said individual could be experiencing abuse of any kind. The design of this tool however only makes it effective in addressing cases of abuse among the mentally competent elders and they do not guarantee effectiveness if the elder in question is mentally challenged (Schmeidel et al. 2012, p. 27). It is, however, important to note that even the mentally incompetent individuals possess some degree of competency in observing and reporting what they experience. As a result, it is necessary to treat any report they may make about abuse with the seriousness it deserves. Another thing that healthcare professionals can do to address issues of elder abuse is by observing and substantiating the symptoms of abuse among elders that are suspected to be experiencing elder abuse. Observation of the physical characteristics of the victim in question can help to assess physical abuse (Anetzberger 2012, p. 109). Additionally, evaluating the financial situation of the patient can help to assess the possibility of financial abuse. After the above assessments, the healthcare practitioner can help the victim to access the necessary legal interventions. There are not many specific laws against adult abuse but the present civil and criminal legislation can be used to address this issue (Bennett and Kingston 2013, p. 111). The healthcare professional should be able to offer the victim legal options that have referrals to appropriate legal services. The two types of legal interventions include civil and criminal interventions. In most cases, the civil intervention can lead to criminal intervention as is the situation with protection orders. The protection order gives the victim a civil court order that is intended to set conditions around the accused. In any case, the abuser breaches this order; it becomes a criminal issue that is then addressed using a criminal court order (Schneider et al. 2010, p. 260). The victim can either apply for the related abuser or unrelated abuser which are the two types of protection orders. These two orders fall under the Domestic and Family Violence Protection Act of 1989. Conclusion It is the duty of the healthcare professional to protect the patients from risks of harmful behavior from others and the community. There are different groups of individuals in the community who experience different forms of abuse that range from child abuse, domestic violence, and elder abuse. There are several procedures that the healthcare workers follow when addressing these issues of abuse. These procedures are aimed at providing quality care to the patients and ensuring patient safety from the abusers. Additionally, several legislations are in place to help the victims of abuse. Several codes and documentations protect the victims and the witnesses who choose to report cases of abuse to the relevant authorities on behalf of the abused. The result of all these interventions is that the patients receive quality care from the healthcare professionals. References Anetzberger, G.J., 2012.The clinical management of elder abuse. Routledge. Bennett, G. and Kingston, P.W., 2013.Elder abuse: Concepts, theories and interventions. Springer. Cross, T.P., Mathews, B., Tonmyr, L., Scott, D. and Ouimet, C., 2012. Child welfare policy and practice on children's exposure to domestic violence.Child abuse neglect,36(3), pp.210-216. Donovan, K. and Regehr, C., 2010. Elder abuse: Clinical, ethical, and legal considerations in social work practice.Clinical Social Work Journal,38(2), pp.174-182. Finkelhor, D., 2010.Sexually victimized children. Simon and Schuster. Furniss, T., 2013.The multiprofessional handbook of child sexual abuse: Integrated management, therapy, and legal intervention. routledge. Garca-Moreno, C., Hegarty, K., d'Oliveira, A.F.L., Koziol-McLain, J., Colombini, M. and Feder, G., 2015. The health-systems response to violence against women.The Lancet,385(9977), pp.1567-1579. Goodman, L.A. and Smyth, K.F., 2011. A call for a social network-oriented approach to services for survivors of intimate partner violence.Psychology of Violence,1(2), p.79. Husso, M., Virkki, T., Notko, M., Holma, J., Laitila, A. and Mntysaari, M., 2012. Making sense of domestic violence intervention in professional health care.Health social care in the community,20(4), pp.347-355. Imbody, B. and Vandsburger, E., 2011. Elder abuse and neglect: Assessment tools, interventions, and recommendations for effective service provision.Educational Gerontology,37(7), pp.634-650. Lazenbatt, A., 2010. The impact of abuse and neglect on the health and mental health of children and young people.NSPCC Research briefing, 2010; accessed on 02/10/15 via: www. nspcc. org. uk/Inform/research/briefings/impact_of_abuse_on_health_wda73372. html. Miller-Perrin, C.L. and Perrin, R.D., 2012.Child Maltreatment: An Introduction: An Introduction. Sage. Modi, M.N., Palmer, S. and Armstrong, A., 2014. The role of Violence Against Women Act in addressing intimate partner violence: a public health issue.Journal of Women's Health,23(3), pp.253-259. Roberson, C. and Wallace, P.H., 2016.Family violence: Legal, medical, and social perspectives. Routledge. Schmeidel, A.N., Daly, J.M., Rosenbaum, M.E., Schmuch, G.A. and Jogerst, G.J., 2012. Health care professionals' perspectives on barriers to elder abuse detection and reporting in primary care settings.Journal of elder abuse neglect,24(1), pp.17-36. Schneider, D.C., Mosqueda, L., Falk, E. and Huba, G.J., 2010. Elder abuse forensic centers.Journal of Elder Abuse Neglect,22(3-4), pp.255-274.

What has happened to Lulu free essay sample

What Has Happened to Lulu? Louise Middleton, or Lulu, as she was fondly called by her mother, had been sitting on the hill for over forty minutes now. She bit her lip and found herself glancing around every time she heard a noise. Her fingers twitched and her heart was racing. Her mouth had turned dry but she forced herself to swallow. Suddenly, a shadow appeared on the ground in the distance. It began advancing towards her, growing longer and longer. Her heart pounded as she sat frozen, staring into the glaring light of the sun.It masked the owner of the shadow, though she had a sick feeling in the it of her stomach that she knew exactly who It was. She could hear footsteps now. Footsteps of the shadow. A tall slender silhouette was advancing towards her. Clutched tightly in their hand was a screwed up piece of paper. We will write a custom essay sample on What has happened to Lulu or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why had you never mentioned this before? You should have told me. I could have done something. I could have been there. I was so scared. I thought you were dead till I found this. Lu, If I knew, I would have changed It all. All through her mothers painful words Lulu had sat and stared.She fought back the tears and stared through her as though she werent there. She listened intently to the tone of her mothers voice and pretended not to care. Of course however, she did. She wanted to Jump up and hug her mother. She wanted to tell her everything that had been building up inside her over the years; the pain, the anger The truth. She wanted her mother to comfort her as she once did when Louise was a child. She wanted her mother to tell her It will all be alright. But she knew It wouldnt be alright. She wasnt a child anymore. Her mother of course, had always been oblivious.Louise had learned how to cover it all up. How to pretend everything was fine. She had spared her mother the heartache of the truth for so long now. The truth she thought, that would never be uncovered. The day she left was the same as any other. Louise and her younger brother Ryan were being taken to school by her step dad Mark. They had to rush because Louise would take forever getting ready. This however was just an excuse. Just another lie to cover up the terrible truth. She would do anything to put off getting in the car. Ryan was dropped off first, at his primary school.Louses was at high school another half our away. Ryan slammed the car door, as small boys do, and waved goodbye excitedly to his big sister unknowing that was the last shed ever see of her. Louise faked a smile, but her face felt as he ran to join his friends in the playground. They pulled out and drove off. Her heart dropped as she knew only too well what was about to come. l hope youre not thinking of going anywhere tonight? Because Ive already told your mother youd help her with the food. But I promised.. . Yes, and Ive told your mother youve promised her. But I didnt! Im not standing round the kitchen all night, arranging sandwiches when all my mates are at the gig! The car screeched too halt at a bus stop. Dont you dare talk to me like that! Get out of the car. GET OUT! You can walk to school. Its miles away, and its raining! You cant do that! I can. And I will. Louise did not move. She fixated her eyes on him. He got out, opened her door and began to drag her, pulling at her arms. HE screamed, hurling abuse at her, still she did not budge. He demanded her to get out of the car. This was the final warning.He said hed force her out. His hand darted towards her face. Half slap, half punch. It knocked her cheek bone. There was a moment that they were both still and silent. Then their eyes met and as just suddenly as it happened, the stillness was broken again. Louise moved faster than ever before, undoing her settable, pushing past Mark and diving out of the car, falling over her feet in the rush. The tears poured camouflaged by the rain. She adrenal look back. Mark watched her hurry off until she was Just out of soothe. Then he got back in his car and went off to work as if nothing happened.Dear Diary. I guess I cant call this a diary entry, as it wont be entered into a diary. Its really more like a letter I suppose. A letter to someone that finds it years later, hoping to uncover the truth. Mum, I write this to you. I shall keep it in the drawer by my bed. We never got on really, Mark and me. You couldnt see it mum. You were too wrapped up Mum. You were blind. Blind in love I guess. He had never hit me before, Ill give him that. But the day I left. In a way, Im glad he did. It gave me the power to finally stand up for myself. To do what I had to. To mum.My face was bleeding. He threw me out of the car. He shouted, calling me all sorts of names. Youre worthless He said. Remember, last night? He said that if I put another foot wrong, I wouldnt be staying in his house any longer. His house Its not his. Ive lived there all my life. Fifteen years that is. Before all this. Before you and dad. Before Him. And has he ever hit you mum? Do you fear him too? Is that why you nod at every word he says. Is that why he makes the rules? Is that why you stick to them? Does he threaten you when youre alone, like he does me?Im not failing because Im mixing with the wrong people mum. Im failing because if him. Dont you see? I love you mum. Thats why its so hard. Be strong. Ill be fine. I didnt go to school today. I came home, knowing nobody was in. Ive packed some food mum, and spare clothes and the money I was saving. Saving for a rainy day. It rained all day yesterday. Ironic really. Isnt it? It was the same routine every day. I was tormented every morning in the car Journey between mine and Ryans school, then every night before you came home bringing Ryan from the after school club. The trouble was that he was the perfect gentleman when other people were there. Ryan even called him dad. That disgusted me. It always sent shivers up my spine. Hes not our dad, never will be. A dad like him doesnt deserve to be one. Im sure he loves Ryan. At least he pretends to. But he never had the time for me. Do you know, Ive spent this all locked up for so long because I didnt want to hurt you. At least thats what I told myself. You would never believe me. I tried to tell you. You said it was nonsense. Are you scared of him too mum? Ive tried, for so long now, to keep it together. But now Im finally free.