Appendix G

Associate Program Material Appendix GWireless LAN Vulnerabilities MatrixComplete the following matrix by filling in the blank boxes in the table.Security protection Brief description Vulnerabilities Prevention (if any) MAC address filtering Only allows access to a device if its MAC address matches that of a pre-approved list on the router. MAC Spoofing Don’t rely on MAC filtering alone. Open system authentication (SSID beaconing) Disables SSID from being broadcast so wireless networks are harder to detect. A spectrum analyzer can still be used to find the network name. Create a more complex SSID and password settings in your APWEPStands for Wired Equivalency Privacy. Uses 64 bit or 128 bit encryption. (including 24-bit IV) In larger networks, IV’s can be duplicated and cause collisions, which are easy to detect by outside influences Use WPA2 with AES or similar instead on larger, enterprise deployments.Of the six categories of attackers, the one I would most want to bre ak into my network would be hackers, as they attempt to penetrate your network and expose vulnerabilities, then inform you of them. This is opposed to a cracker, which will do the same thing, only steal the data and attempt to sell it. A script kiddie is very dangerous, as they are generally under-experienced hackers and crackers who use someone else’s codes and almost always have malicious intent.Between MAC filtering, WEP, and authentication, I believe that WEP is the most secure of the three. MAC filtering can be easily overcome by MAC spoofing, and is not part of the 802.11 standard. Authentication is somewhat weaker than WEP, as someone could capture the cleartext challenge phrase and the encrypted response frame and gain access to the network. WEP is the strongest of the 3, but is still weak due to IV collisions which can be monitored and the hacker can recover the security key during those collisions.In fact, hackers can even cause massive IV collisions to speed up the process. It should be noted this is really only an issue on larger wireless networks as there are approximately 16 million IV’s that can be handed out. But in an enterprise application, 16 million can happen in a matter of hours or days.

Current Issues In Management And Education Education Essay

Nelson Mandela famously quoted ; Education is the most powerful weapon you can utilize to alter the universe Walsh, 1996. Mandela meant instruction in a wide sense ; its non thought to be gained entirely from reading or sitting in schoolrooms and can non be half-heartedly undertaken. Basically, it ‘s associated with life and development, determining the hereafter to bring forth a righteous, democratic society ( Walsh, 1996 ) . This assignment aims to research the development of university instruction and foreground how current economic and political climes have affected the higher instruction experience. John Stuart Mill, a philosopher dating back to the 1800s, suggested that higher instruction was to be provided as a ‘public good ‘ to profit the whole community with societal facets being undeniably of greater importance than a high winging calling ( Phippen, 2012 ) . Gratuitous to state, the educational system has drastically changed in modern society. Today there is an outlook that immature people will derive a grade, whereas in the past grades were n't as to a great extent sought after. Changes within the non-market facet of society viz. , societal, political and legal factors, such as technological progresss and alteration in authorities, are a conducive factor to the educational system alterations ( Phippen, 2012 ) . Liberalism is thought to be replacing public good with the construct of ‘individual duty ‘ which has been argued in pattern to supply superior cumulative public good ( Phippen, 2012 ) . Liberalism was chiefly identified through the Hagiographas of Adam Smith ( 1776 ) which eradicated authorities engagement in economic affairs and hence promoted ‘free trade ‘ ( Martinez and Garcia, n.d. ) . The policy of free trade induces the argument as to whether the populace and authorities should lend to the support of universities if the result is entirely personal addition for the pupil in footings of possible greater occupation chances, with the public non having the return on investing they expect ( Phippen, 2012 ) . Neoliberalism, ‘New Liberalism ‘ , has been revived over the last 25 old ages with the rapid globalisation of the capitalist economic system, switching control from the populace sector to the private sector with strong support from administrations such as the IMF and World Bank ( Martinez and Garcia, n.d. ) . Neoliberalism policies can be clearly observed in today ‘s society with marks that the affluent grow wealthier and the hapless grow progressively poorer, foregrounding morality issues such as equality ( Martinez and Garcia, n.d. ) ( Phippen, 2012 ) . With the present addition in university fees in England there is a strong possibility that, in the hereafter, merely those coming from affluent backgrounds will be able to afford higher instruction. The ‘University ‘ stigma has changed quickly and is continually developing in footings of organizational construction, nucleus rules and aims ( Scott, 2012 ) . Increasingly, universities are get downing to see themselves as corporate administrations with corporate values ; promoting systematic direction attacks ( Scott, 2012 ) . This alteration in bottom line construction could better establishment ‘s fundss and operations, supplying a â€Å" stronger focal point on high quality instruction † ( David Willets cited by Coughlan, 2010 ) . On the other manus, due to increasing answerability force per unit areas and the tenseness between intrinsic liberty and the changed nature of modern university, ‘critical question ‘ and ‘academic freedom ‘ could be removed from the modern educational construction ( Scott, 2012 ) . Higher instruction is progressively going one of the most extremely debated subjects within today ‘s alliance authorities ( Key Note, 2011 ) . Policies late implemented have cut educational grants for farther survey establishments in England in an effort to help economic recovery ( Key Note, 2011 ) . This abjuration of support has placed the ?9000 a twelvemonth fiscal load entirely on the pupil, enabling universities to replace a big portion of lost province support ( Coughlan, 2010 ) . He reports that in bend, pupils will progressively demand to be treated as valued clients in footings of the quality they receive. There is great national and so international involvement in the quickly altering educational construction due to the increasing figure of pupils from abroad seeking instruction in England ( Key note, 2011 ) . Controversially, the Welsh authorities has absorbed these fee additions for Welsh pupils prolonging the mix of public and private support ( BBC News, 2011 ) and in an utmost contrast, Scottish and EU pupils presently have no fees to pay at all if staying in their several state ( BBC News, 2012 ) . International pupils analyzing in the UK and other foreign establishments have an influential presence in the higher instruction system both financially and economically ( Richards, 2012 ) . With progressively more UK alumnuss seeking employment abroad, competition to pull the biggest encephalons has become an built-in portion of university selling ( Richards, 2012 ) . Mazzarol and Soutar ( 2002 ) claim that international pupils are confronting what ‘s been suggested as a push pull theoretical account. They say that through cultural attitudes in India and Asia, instruction is seen to be a manner of raising economic and societal position which is thought to ‘push ‘ pupils to analyze abroad in more educationally accessible states. The pull factor comes from planetary competition between host states and more narrowly institutional competition in footings of their selling attack to pull foreign pupils ( Mazzarol and Soutar, 2002 ) . With the UK being seen as a diverse, tolerant society and international pupils wanting more cognition of western civilizations, authorities engagement is indispensable to guarantee that educational quality is maintained ( Kelly, 2011 ) . Million+ ( 2013 ) province that international pupils contribute ?4.2bn to the UK economic system each twelvemonth ; loss of this gross could hold damaging effects on society. Frequently throughout instruction, pupils are told that deriving a grade will take to a good occupation ( Mckay, 2012 ) . The Mail online ( 2011 ) has stated that progressively universities are implementing ‘Mickey Mouse ‘ grades which do non hold significant bearing in the alliance market. Staffordshire University has been reported to offer David Beckham surveies taking to arguments proposing that the deficiency of social part of such classs, including cinematics, picture taking and media surveies, should non be aided by authorities support and public revenue enhancement ( Mail Online, 2011 ) . The statement advocates that an apprenticeship which enhances practical accomplishments would be of greater benefit. To advance economic recovery, today ‘s alliance authorities seek to supply 400,000 apprenticeship occupations by 2014-15, an addition from 2011 ‘s 279,900 chances ( Mail Online, 2011 ) . The justification of this alternate option has been highlighted thr ough ‘real-life ‘ success illustrations such as Richard Branson, who acquired merely one O-Level ( Mail Online, 2011 ) . With university operations and the support of higher instruction being at the head of media and political attending late, inquiries are raised sing whether the addition in fees match possible additions in order to do university a worthwhile investing. Alumnuss are happening it progressively hard to acquire onto the 'employment ladder ‘ and figures show that more than half of new university pupils will still be paying off debts into their 50 ‘s ( The Telegraph, 2012 ) . Interestingly, HEPI ( Higher Education Policy Institute ) have forecasted that the current ?9000 fees are non sustainable and will finally coerce the higher instruction system to go a polarised sector ( Sellgren, 2011 ) . The article forecasts that entire pupil figures will diminish by at least 8 % each twelvemonth, with Million + ( 2013 ) describing the unwanted deductions of this lessening on the British economic system. The exchequer additions ?94k per alumnus and moreover alumnuss can theoretically command higher rewards which would increase revenue enhancement gross to the treasury, making long term social benefits ( Million + , 2013 ) . Groves ( 2012 ) stated that the National Union of Students has attributed the proliferation of increasing pupil self-destructions to fiscal force per unit areas. Since the start of the recession in 2007, Male self-destructions have increased by 36 % and females about double ( Groves, 2012 ) . This has led to a great demand for an addition in the support of pupils and so alumnuss seeking for occupations ( Groves, 2012 ) . Academic force per unit areas and declining occupation chances are besides thought to be a conducive factor and a recent BMJ survey connected lower employment degrees to higher self-destruction rates ( Groves, 2012 ) . But hope could be on the skyline. BBC News ( 2012 ) have announced that unemployment rates have decreased by 49,000 from September to November 2012 with the ONS claiming that the bulk of this was due to the diminution in ‘youth ‘ unemployment which could be the start of positive chances for alumnuss. This mark of possible economic recovery could be disputed as the lessening has been attributed to more people accepting portion clip work, with record Numberss making so as they are unable to happen full clip work ( BBC News, 2012 ) . Increasingly more and more alumnuss are seeking employment in a more favorable environment overseas ( Daily Mail, 2011 ) . Some say that the UK are neglecting its alumnuss in the sense of keeping after it emerged that about two tierces were unable to happen degree degree employment upon graduating ( Daily Mail, 2011 ) . This thrust in alumnuss prosecuting calling aspirations overseas could foster increase Britain ‘s economic jobs ( Daily Mail, 2011 ) . With limited Numberss of chances within the current economic system employers are get downing to look for more than merely a grade ( Daily Mail, 2011 ) . Experience within the concern universe is going a necessity for employers, taking to the development of unpaid internships ( Page, 2012 ) . Unpaid internships, a cost film editing mechanism for administrations, cut down the figure of paid occupations available to alumnuss. In footings of employment moralss this has become a really diverse topic. Implementing a prohibition on thi s legitimate unethical act is highly hard with pupils ‘ progressively needing experience to derive a bridgehead onto the calling ladder ( Page, 2013 ) . An statement being, people who do non go to university and travel directly into work have at least 3 old ages more experience in the working universe than a alumnus which could do them more favorable in society ( Mckay, 2012 ) . Stating this, there are besides many positives associated with set abouting farther instruction which have been overlooked late as focal point has been on fees instead than advancing value. Higher instruction should be measured utilizing other dimensions than chiefly interlingual rendition into net incomes for illustration, occupation satisfaction and public good. A individual who has n't achieved a degree degree making could be running a successful concern but may non see the same degree of occupation satisfaction as person gaining less, with a grade and debts such as a Nurse whose function in society is critical and displays the prototype of ‘public good ‘ . Iqbal ( 2013 ) suggests intrinsic values and intangible benefits must be taken into consideration as accomplishments developing may non be the most significant component of higher instruction. Developing as a individual and deriving movable accomplishments such as a wide head set could see the alumnus going more wel l-thought-of in society through cognition of independency and adulthood ( Iqbal, 2013 ) . Parraudin ( 2011 ) claims that it is a shame that university has become a trade good and focal point has been on cost when for most, the experience as a whole is an embracing life chance. It enables the pupil to gain aspirations, develop the degree of adulthood needed to boom in the workplace and could set the alumnus in an enhanced place to a non-graduate when sing social benefit ( Parraudin, 2011 ) . Another statement in favor of alumnuss come ining the workplace is the increased demand and aspiration to be a portion of a socially responsible corporation which has today go a precedence for administrations ( Rao and Raj, 2011 ) . Graduates choosing to take an employer based on their socially responsible behavior can merely be seen to hold a positive impact on both the concern environment in footings of moralss and so in the planetary economic system itself. Corporate Social Responsibility is critical for corporate citizenship to turn to affairs such as utilitarianism, liberty and rights ( Phippen, 2012 ) . Non-Conformists to ethical imposts, for illustration, the revenue enhancement argument environing Starbucks, Google and Amazon has led to the reception of a batch of negative media attending. Milton Friedman, market economic expert, stated that carry oning corporate duty can so let a concern to â€Å" do as much money as possible while conforming to the basic regulations of soc iety, .. both law.. and ethical usage † ( Halbert and Ingulli, 2012 ) . The force per unit areas implemented by alumnuss for administrations to conform will progressively help sustainable development in the hereafter ( Rao and Raj, 2011 ) . In footings of society part within direction and concern development, alumnuss and the younger coevals progressively have the border claim NYDA ( 2013 ) . This is positively highlighted in the patterned advance of the cyberspace civilization which is germinating at an exponential rate with the younger coevals accommodating and encompassing technological promotions at a much greater velocity than that of their seniors ( Nickson, 2013 ) . With more concerns turning to this medium non merely to pass on with clients but besides to run day-to-day operations and better internal efficiency, the alumnuss ‘ ability to come on aboard technological promotion with easiness should n't be overlooked. Coevalss are progressively going separated through the technological ‘generation spread ‘ ( Fariwu, 2010 ) , stressing the necessity for the alumnus in future economic growing and in supplying corporations with a much needed sustainable competitory advantage. This assignment has been greatly good in finding my single beliefs on higher instruction and has clarified what I believe is mine and other alumnuss ‘ societal place. A direction instruction does non restrict future calling possibilities in comparing to a vocational grade. This could be seen as good due to geting a wide cognition of the concern industry as a whole, an ideal property for concerns today as all sections need to be cohesive to make a sustainable hereafter. As Napoleon Hill ( 2007 ) one time proclaimed, the â€Å" starting point of accomplishment is desire † . To be successful in concern and direction the campaigner needs to be adaptable to alter, which is obviously seeable above through the younger coevalss conformity towards technological promotions. These are traits that are developed throughout childhood and are so enhanced through a university instruction. Gratuitous to state, some of the most successful business communities and adult females have non obtained a university grade which suggests that direction and associated callings do non entirely get down in university but natural traits of leading can besides predominate. I have assurance in aerating my beliefs that A-level pupils should hold all available calling options reinforced in an impartial manner. Through my ain educational development, the merely ‘successful ‘ option highlighted to me was farther instruction. Other options such as college, apprenticeships and working your manner up a company were suggested in a blase manor with the negatives 2nd to none outweighing any positives. Questions have been raised by myself and others associating to the issue of whether 17 is excessively immature to make up one's mind upon a future calling. Personally, I was diffident what I wanted and after set abouting legion work experiences, and non happening my niche I was stuck in a rut. Finally I gained a corporate work experience arrangement at Brains Beer brewery which showed me that a wide sector grade such as concern would non contract future chances, enabling more clip to make up one's mind upon my calling aspirations. Another sentiment I put to you is that possibly after secondary instruction all pupils should take a spread twelvemonth. I feel it would coerce immature grownups to farther mature and whether they work or travel it could give them a better word picture of what they want to carry through. I besides feel a interruption from instruction and tests could be of utmost value as I experienced last twelvemonth during my placement occupation. The interruption has reignited my motive to analyze antecedently I had undertaken tests for 7 back-to-back old ages. From talking to others sing the capable affair, a subject has emerged where the bulk are against the fee addition with a peculiar statement that stood out of why should we back up a authorities who wo n't back up the young person of today? The function of university is thought to make â€Å" capable and cultivated human existences † ( . It aims to develop assurance, supply cognition and a skilled work force. University is thought to be an investing, in footings of long term fiscal addition and so societal addition. Today I feel university is really much about personal addition instead than what the pupil can convey to society. I accept there is, in a manner, a valid statement for public and authorities support non to be maintained if every bit forecasted, it will so assist assistance economic recovery. Stating this, surveies have been released claiming it wo n't in fact assistance recovery as fewer pupils, a bead of 30,000, will really be the UK ?6.6bn ( Coughlan, 2013 ) . Initially when make up one's minding to ship on a university instruction, my ultimate purpose was to heighten calling chances, but the experience as a whole has provided much more than expected. My confidence has grown enormously and the differences I can are personally are extended. Meeting dissimilar people and socializing with different civilizations has provided a societal benefit I did non anticipate. Other unexpected values that have been enhanced are ; independency, life accomplishments, apprehension of the professionalism, the ability to work expeditiously in groups and get the better ofing issues which can all be usefully applied to the existent universe. I agree that experience is an of import necessity that should be incorporated into farther instruction. Not merely are employers progressively looking for more than merely a making, it can be of extreme benefit to the pupil every bit good. It gave me the assurance to cognize that I can boom in a concern environment and allowed me to set the learnt theory into pattern. The twelvemonth in industry provides a pupil with the realization of concern highs and depressions and provides a more soft passage into the on the job universe. From grounds antecedently highlighted, I am now ashamed to state that I succumbed to the force per unit areas of deriving work experience and embarked on a twelvemonth long unpaid internship as portion of my 4 twelvemonth grade class. I found my ideal occupation, ‘Marketing and Communications Assistant ‘ for Cardiff Blues Rugby squad, with one ruin: it was unpaid. Through deliberation of the options available to me and sing the attempt I had put into seeking an undergraduate arrangement, it was an chance I did non desire to turn down. I felt a twelvemonth working, unpaid, in an industry of involvement could be of long term benefit. It did non happen to me that through Cardiff Blues offering unpaid internships, it in fact reduces the figure of available paid alumnus chances. I gained a batch from the under-graduate arrangement. I worked a lower limit of 40 hours a hebdomad and when there was a rugby lucifer this rose to 45-50 hours a hebdomad. Fortunately I had some fundss behind me as a support system but it was n't plenty for me to populate on so I undertook another occupation working in meetings and events for a corporate hotel concatenation. This proved to be tough as many yearss I would work 17 hours with the record being 90 hours ‘ in one hebdomad! This showed me how tough the on the job universe can be but furthered my cognition on how different industries operate. I hope it was a forfeit that will be good in the long tally. I believe this chance puts me in a strong place as a alumnus when looking for work due to the experience received every bit good as demoing versatility. I besides ran the 2012 London Marathon and raised ?2500 for Children with Cancer which was a great accomplishment and shows dedication as I was working up to 80 hours a hebdomad every bit good as preparation and fundraising for this. Charity work will so play in my favor as part to society when seeking alumnus employment. Once my arrangement occupation had drawn to an terminal ( and after months of salvaging every penny ) I went going for three months before returning to university to finish my concluding twelvemonth. The experience was unforgettable and so larning about other civilizations opened my head further to future possibilities. Traveling, in my sentiment, is the most independent thing one can make, larning so much about yourself and the duty can undeniably develop your character. Reflecting upon the recent fee additions and looking at personal fundss, as a Welsh pupil a much more financially stable option for me would hold been to remain in Wales to go on my surveies due to the support I would hold received from the Welsh authorities. At the clip I was inexorable that I wanted to travel from Wales as the ‘grass is ever greener ‘ but have since realised this is non the instance. For pupils now contemplating university, I think Cambrian pupils and so Scots pupils should stay analyzing in their several states if possible. Upon graduation my aspirations are to derive employment back in Wales. Since traveling, a long term aspiration will be to hopefully migrate to New Zealand where I can develop my direction accomplishments in a differing civilization and possibly even get down up my ain concern if fundss become accessible. Without the higher instruction experience I do n't believe that I would of all time hold acquired the bravery or self-belief to do such a drastic move but university has provided me with this independency. A survey in the South Wales Echo ( 2013 ) revealed that alumnuss will hold a much more hard clip happening employment in Wales than anyplace else in the UK. They reported that merely 42 % of major Welsh employers offer entry degree vacancies, when comparing that to 84 % in London it puts a instead black mentality onto the likeliness of deriving employment in Wales. Especially for me now, happening a occupation will be of great concern. I feel a 4 twelvemonth class has been long and financially I am presently in a worse place than many of my friends who did non take farther instruction. I am dawdling buttocks socially as many of them now have their ain place with their spouses, a full clip occupation and are get downing to settle down and hold a household. I hope that by the terminal of my journey this quotation mark below will be one of truth ; â€Å" I ‘m non stating you it ‘s traveling to be easy, I ‘m stating you it ‘s traveling to be deserving it † ( Goodreads, 2013 ) In decision, there have been statements both for and against the higher instruction experience. On one manus, information sing the proliferation of pupil self-destructions have highlighted that doubtless fiscal force per unit areas are impacting pupils. The media late have focused on the negative impact of the increased higher educational fees which are obviously doing people to see alternate options, a move which could potentially be the economic system one million millions alternatively of aid economic recovery. In footings of feasibleness, it would look necessary for people to ship on higher instruction for vocational classs such as medical specialty and jurisprudence. Losing this expertness could badly impact Britain ‘s economic and political place. What has emerged is the subject that ‘mickey mouse ‘ classs such as those antecedently mentioned, may non in world be financially good in footings of calling additions and social part. Unpaid occupations are doing it progressively hard for alumnuss to derive a bridgehead onto the calling ladder. This pushes graduates overseas, whereas Britain should concentrate on maintaining its endowment for economic stableness. Alumnuss should n't be overlooked in the concern universe as the hereafter of Britain. Through stronger sustainability beliefs and fast acceptance to technological progresss alumnuss have the potency to maintain Britain in a planetary competitory place. Other values derived from the higher instruction experience have a greater impact on a individual that can non hold a pecuniary value placed on it but statistically alumnuss have an mean potency of gaining up to 27 % more than a individual geting merely A-levels ( Million + , 2013 ) . Overall, even with the economic downswing and the weighing up of both sides of the statement I feel that a university instruction is a good investing for both the participant and so the economic system. For the UK economic system to retrieve support demands to be given to pupils as the alumnus has the potency of increased net incomes and in bend society will have high gross in footings of revenue enhancement.

American Politics and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

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An Exploration of the Attributes of Organized Crime - Research Paper Example n American countries like Mexico and Colombia are commonly regarded as organized crime aspects as they explicitly violet the legal administrations of the respective countries so as to gain monetary wise. Some of the international organizations referred to as the mafias include the Albanian Mafia, the Black Mafia, the Russian Mafia, the Japanese Yakuza and the Chinese Triads (Abadinsky, 2010). The United States Organized Crime Control Act in 1970 defines organized crime as an unlawful activity carried out by highly organized and disciplined association. Statistics have it that the number of people involved in organized crime in the United Kingdom is approximated to be over 38, 000 involving more than 6000 groups (Haller, 1991). Organized crime is normally associated with several illegal activities such as illegal gambling, assassination, bombing, blackmailing, oil smuggling and arms trafficking. This type of crime also has extreme effects on political corruption mostly in areas experiencing political instability like the Middle East. Such criminal organizations are normally associated with large amounts of money some of which is used to bribe government officials in an effort to avoid prosecution. Organized crime has also been linked with massive roles in people smuggling and human trafficking. The Yamaguchi-Gumi, the Russian Mafia and the ‘Ndrangheta have been identified as the most powerful and prolific organized crime groups all over the world (O’Kane, 1992). Despite the Russian being the largest criminal group, the main problem being faced by the existing law enforcement is its ability to point out the members of such organizations now that most people engage in organized crime activities claiming they are members of these mafia groups yet in the real sense they are out to gain respect and spread fear. Latin America has been identified as the base to the most violent and influential drug cartels all over the world. This area has been heavily associated

Exclusion from the Mainstream Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exclusion from the Mainstream - Term Paper Example The purpose of this paper is to examine how themes of heterosexuality and homophobia can also be present in queer films, and how homosexuals have been continuously demonized and marginalized in films, thus promoting a deeper sense of homophobia in the society and reflecting how widespread the social institutions believing in the sexual norms are. The approach of looking into theories of social deviance in relation to sexuality in queer films can aid in refocusing on the issue of social stigma and exclusion from the mainstream. Degradation in Mainstream and Queer Films While it is true that there will always be great films, a lot of those that reached blockbuster success portray gay characters in a supporting role, usually as a friend of the female lead character. While there is nothing wrong with supporting roles, sometimes, these gay characters are not fully developed in the film and are used as a of parody of the homosexual stereotypes that, ironically, have been fought by several organizations over the years. Despite the good intentions of the film, degrading the role of these gays into something to stir laughter due to their â€Å"homosexual† antics is something that is not right. This dos not happen in mainstream films only. Even in queer films such as â€Å"The Birdcage,† some of these homosexual parodies can be observed. For example, in the film's last part where the gays are dancing to the song â€Å"Macho Man,† it can immediately be felt that it is meant to be a joke that â€Å"macho† and gay are two terms that cannot come together. Even though the film is really all about the the message that gays should be treated equally, resorting to using the stereotypes for laughter defeats the overall message. Another example of this is â€Å"Brokeback Mountain,† where homosexuality is supposedly â€Å"celebrated† judging from the way the public acknowledged the film. However, how are the gay men portrayed in the story? They are shown as â€Å"queer† --- people who cannot be accepted in the mainstream, the â€Å"other.† Even homosexuality here is shown as something shameful and to be kept secret. Such films do not really bridge the gap of inequality between the heterosexuals and the homosexuals. Queer films actually do not advance the idea that homosexuals are equal to their heterosexual counterparts. They just breed a what can be called â€Å"understanding† towards homosexuality, but they do not really allow the mass audience to relate to them. They do not treat the idea of homosexuality as something normal, but as something that invokes pity. Heavenly Creatures To further expound on this idea, a recently viewed film entitled â€Å"Heavenly Bodies† will be discussed. This film is based on a true story of two teenage girls who committed murder in 1954. The story is about Pauline and Juliet, the two teenage girls who are involved in a â€Å"strange† relationship th at is viewed as homosexual (lesbian) by the people around them. The two girls are shown as the exact opposite of the other --- Juliet being extrovert, and Pauline being introvert. Despite being based on a true story, one cannot help but notice how the â€Å"weird† details of these two girls are played up in the story. It has been mentioned earlier that homosexuals have been continuously demonized and marginalized in films, and this is observed in this

Doctrine of Promissory Estoppel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Doctrine of Promissory Estoppel - Essay Example This research tells that Amelia offered her nephew, Dan, two thousand pounds if he worked hard and got a second class degree, and her sister, Betti, five hundred pounds for errands. She also offered a two hundred fifty pound reduction of a loan she had given to Betti's husband, Giles. Giles pays the seven hundred and fifty pounds. Dan does very little work but does get a first-class degree. Amelia now wishes to know her obligations to Betti underneath this contract. The legal questions are 1. Does Dan's meeting of the second-class degree standard mean that that part of the contract is fulfilled? 2. Did the term â€Å"second-class degree† mean â€Å"at least a second-class degree† or â€Å"a second-class degree exclusively?† 3. Are the contract elements severable; that is, is Dan's possible fulfillment of the contract separate from Giles' clear fulfillment of his duties? 4. Does it make any difference that Giles, rather than Betti, paid the seven hundred and fifty pounds? 5. Can â€Å"work hard† be meaningfully quantified? Contract Interpretation The issues of the contract should be considered separately. They are 1. The offering of money to Dan for working hard and achieving a second-class degree. 2. The offering of money to Amelia for errands in the past. (However, it seems that the errands are moot: Whether Betti actually had done errands for Amelia or not, they are accepted by the contract as a matter of fact). 3. The offering of a two-hundred-fifty pound discount on a prior one thousand loan by Amelia to Giles. There are many elements to contracts even before considering the issues of estoppel and promissory consideration: Acceptance, offer, consideration, the contract being oral or written, the severability of various elements, etc. Consideration is a part of this contract, however: Both parties are offering something of value1. The family unit as a whole (Giles, Dan, and Betti) are clearly part of this contract, with Amelia bei ng the other party. For this reason, it is moot if Giles or Betti pays the seven hundred fifty pounds unless the contract specifically states otherwise. (This will, in turn, be dependent on whether the contract is verbal or written). Acceptance of the contract is an issue. Giles owed a thousand pounds. The only concrete sign on the part of Betti's family unit is the seven hundred fifty pounds Giles paid. Amelia can make a reasonable argument that she was accepting partial payment and that this was not a sign of acceptance. Similarly, Amelia paying Betti five hundred pounds could be considered as payment for a prior act, not a fulfillment of the contract. The only sign of acceptance of the contract that would not be prompted by other prior considerations between the two families would be Dan working hard and getting a second-class degree, only half of which was ever wholly completed. While Amelia did extend an offer, it is arguable that there was ever an acceptance. The acceptance is sue and the consideration issue are inextricable. Consideration â€Å"Consideration entails the parties' doing something that they were not previously bound to do outside of the agreement. In other words, promises must pay the price (consideration) that they agreed to pay the promisor in order to gain the right to enforce the promisor's obligation†. Giles was obliged to pay one thousand pounds; paying the seven hundred fifty pounds is not a consideration. Even if Betti had paid for it, she is obligated to pay the debts of her husband, as a unified family unit. But Giles did in fact pay, meaning that there had been no consideration prior.

Coffee Shop Essay Example for Free

Coffee Shop Essay â€Å"Closing Time† has the meaning set out in section 1. 3; â€Å"Contract† means a formal written contract between the City and a Preferred Proponent to undertake the Services, the preferred form of which is attached as Schedule B; â€Å"Evaluation Team† means the team appointed by the City; â€Å"Information Meeting† has the meaning set out in section 1. 4; â€Å"Preferred Proponent(s)† means the Proponent(s) selected by the Evaluation Team to enter into negotiations for a Contract; â€Å"Proponent† means an entity that submits a Proposal; â€Å"Proposal† means a proposal submitted in response to this RFP; â€Å"RFP† means this Request for Proposals; â€Å"Services† has the meaning set out in Schedule A; â€Å"Site† means the place or places where the Services are to be performed; and â€Å"Statement of Departures† means Schedule C-1 to the form of Proposal attached as Schedule C. Instructions To Proponents 2 Closing Time and Address for Proposal Delivery Proposals must be received by the office of the: Kam Grewal, BBA, CMA Acting Purchasing AP Manager Address:6645 – 148 Street Surrey, BC V3S 3C7 on or before the following date and time (the â€Å"Closing Time†): Time: 3:00 pm local time Date: Monday, July 5, 2010. Submissions by fax [or email] will not be accepted. There will be no extension to the Closing Time for the submission of proposals. 3 Information Meeting An information meeting may be hosted by the City Representative to discuss the City’s requirements under this RFP (the â€Å"Information Meeting†). While attendance is at the discretion of Proponents, Proponents who do not attend will be deemed to have attended the Information Meeting and to have received all of the information given at the Information Meeting. At the time of issuance of this RFP a meeting has not been scheduled. 4 Number of Copies. Proponents should submit the original plus 5 hard copies (6 in total) of their Proposals. 5 Late Proposals Proposals received after the Closing Time will not be accepted or considered. Delays caused by any delivery, courier or mail service(s) will not be grounds for an extension of the Closing Time. 7 Amendments to Proposals Proposals may be revised by written amendment, delivered to the location set out above, at any time before the Closing Time but not after. An amendment must be signed by an authorized signatory of the Proponent in the same manner as provided by section 2. 3. Fax amendments are permitted, but such fax may show only the change to the proposal price(s) and in no event disclose the actual proposal price(s). A Proponent bears all risk that the City’s fax equipment functions properly so as to facilitate timely delivery of any fax amendment. 8 Inquiries All inquiries related to this RFP should be directed in writing to the person named below (the â€Å"City Representative†). Information obtained from any person or source other than the City Representative may not be relied upon. Kam Grewal, BBA, CMA Acting Purchasing AP Manager. Address:City of Surrey – Purchasing 6645 – 148 Street Surrey, BC V3S 3C7 Phone: 604-590-7274 Fax:604-599-0956 Email:[emailprotected] ca Inquiries should be made no later than 7 days before Closing Time. The City reserves the right not to respond to inquiries made within 7 days of the Closing Time. Inquiries and responses will be recorded and may be distributed to all Proponents at the discretion of the City. Proponents finding discrepancies or omissions in the Contract or RFP, or having doubts as to the meaning or intent of any provision, should immediately notify the City Representative. If the City determines that an amendment is required to this RFP, the City Representative will issue an addendum in accordance with section 1. 9. No oral conversation will affect or modify the terms of this RFP or may be relied upon by any Proponent. 9 Addenda If the City determines that an amendment is required to this RFP, the City will post a written addendum on the City website at www. surrey. ca (the City Website) and upon posting will be deemed to form part of this RFP. Upon submitting a Proposal, Proponents will be deemed to have received notice of all addenda that are posted on the City Website. 10 Examination of Contract Documents and Site Proponents will be deemed to have carefully examined the RFP, including all attached Schedules, the Contract and the Site (as applicable) prior to preparing and submitting a Proposal with respect to any and all facts which may influence a Proposal. 11 Opening of Proposals The City intends to open Proposals in private but reserves the right to open Proposals in public at its sole discretion. 12 Status Inquiries All inquiries related to the status of this RFP, including whether or not a Contract has been awarded, should be directed to the City Website and not to the City Representative. Proposal Submission FORM AND contents 2 Package Proposals should be in a sealed package, marked on the outside with the Proponents name, title of the Project and reference number. 3 Form of Proposal Proponents should complete the form of Proposal attached as Schedule C, including Schedules C-1 to C-4. Proponents are encouraged to respond to the items listed in Schedules C-1 to C-4 in the order listed. Proponents are encouraged to use the forms provided and attach additional pages as necessary. 4 Signature. The legal name of the person or firm submitting the Proposal should be inserted in Schedule C. The Proposal should be signed by a person authorized to sign on behalf of the Proponent. 1 If the Proponent is a corporation then the full name of the corporation should be included, together with the names of authorized signatories. The Proposal should be executed by all of the authorized signatories or by one or more of them provided that a copy of the corporate resolution authorizing those persons to execute the Proposal on behalf of the corporation is submitted. 2 If the Proponent is a partnership or joint venture then the name of the partnership or joint venture and the name of each partner or joint venturer should be included, and each partner or joint venturer should sign personally (or, if one or more person(s) have signing authority for the partnership or joint venture, the partnership or joint venture should provide evidence to the satisfaction of the City that the person(s) signing have signing authority for the partnership or joint venture). If a partner or joint venturer is a corporation then such corporation should sign as indicated in subsection (a) above. 3 If the Proponent is an individual, including a sole proprietorship, the name of the individual should be included. evaluation and Selection 2 Evaluation Team The evaluation of Proposals will be undertaken on behalf of the City by the Evaluation Team. The Evaluation Team may consult with others including City staff members, third party consultants and references, as the Evaluation Team may in its discretion decide is required. The Evaluation Team will give a written recommendation for the selection of a Preferred Proponent or Preferred Proponents to the City. 3 Evaluation Criteria The Evaluation Team will compare and evaluate all Proposals to determine the Proponents strength and ability to provide the Services in order to determine the Proposal which is most advantageous to the City, using the following criteria: 1 Experience, Reputation and Resources The Evaluation Team will consider the Proponents responses to items in C-2 of Schedule  C including supplementary information. 3 Technical The Evaluation Team will consider the Proponents responses to items (i) to (vii) in C-3 of Schedule  C. 5 Financial The Evaluation Team will consider the Proponents response to C-4 of Schedule  C. (d)Statement of Departures The Evaluation Team will consider the Proponents response to C-1 of Schedule  C. The Evaluation Team will not be limited to the criteria referred to above, and the Evaluation Team may consider other criteria that the team identifies as relevant during the evaluation process. The Evaluation Team may apply the evaluation criteria on a comparative basis, evaluating the Proposals by comparing one Proponents Proposal to another Proponents Proposal. All criteria considered will be applied evenly and fairly to all Proposals. 4 Discrepancies in Proponents Financial Proposal If there are any obvious discrepancies, errors or omissions in C-4 of a Proposal (Proponents Financial Proposal), then the City shall be entitled to make obvious corrections, but only if, and to the extent, the corrections are apparent from the Proposal as submitted, and in particular: (a)if there is a discrepancy between a unit price and the extended total, then the unit prices shall be deemed to be correct, and corresponding corrections will be made to the extended totals; (b)if a unit price has been given but the corresponding extended total has been omitted, then the extended total will be calculated from the unit price and the estimated quantity; (c)if an extended total has been given but the corresponding unit price has been omitted, then the unit price will be calculated from the extended total and the estimated quantity. 6 Litigation In addition to any other provision of this RFP, the City may, in its absolute discretion, reject a Proposal if the Proponent, or any officer or director of the Proponent submitting the Proposal, is or has been engaged directly or indirectly in a legal action against the City, its elected or appointed officers, representatives or employees in relation to any matter. In determining whether or not to reject a Proposal under this section, the City will consider whether the litigation is likely to affect the Proponent’s ability to work with the City, its consultants and representatives and whether the City’s experience with the Proponent indicates that there is a risk the City will incur increased staff and legal costs in the administration of the Contract if it is awarded to the Proponent. 8 Additional Information. The Evaluation Team may, at its discretion, request clarifications or additional information from a Proponent with respect to any Proposal, and the Evaluation Team may make such requests only to selected Proponents. The Evaluation Team may consider such clarifications or additional information in evaluating a Proposal. 10 Interviews The Evaluation Team may, at its discretion, may invite some or all of the Proponents to appear before the Evaluation Team to provide clarifications of their Proposals. In such event, the Evaluation Team will be entitled to consider the answers received in evaluating Proposals. 12 Multiple Preferred Proponents and Changes to the Proponent Team The City reserves the right and discretion to divide up the Services, either by scope, geographic area, or other basis as the City may decide, and to select one or more Preferred Proponents to enter into discussions with the City for one or more Contracts to perform a portion or portions of the Services. If the City exercises its discretion to divide up the Services, the City will do so reasonably having regard for the RFP and the basis of Proposals. Likewise, the City reserves the right to ask for changes in the member/s comprising the Proponent Team as it deems beneficial to the overall composition of the Team and without any obligation to justify its preference. In addition to any other provision of this RFP, Proposals may be evaluated on the basis of advantages and disadvantages to the City that might result or be achieved from the City dividing up the Services and entering into one or more Contracts with one or more Proponents. NOT APPLICABLE 14 Negotiation of Contract and Award If the City selects a Preferred Proponent, then it may: (a)enter into a Contract with the Preferred Proponent; or (b)enter into discussions with the Preferred Proponent to clarify any outstanding issues and attempt to finalize the terms of the Contract, including financial terms. If discussions are successful, the City and the Preferred Proponent will finalize the Contract; or. (c)if at any time the City reasonably forms the opinion that a mutually acceptable agreement is not likely to be reached within a reasonable time, give the Preferred Proponent written notice to terminate discussions, in which event the City may then either open discussions with another Proponent or terminate this RFP and retain or obtain the Services in some other manner. General Conditions 2 No City Obligation. This RFP is not a tender and does not commit the City in any way to select a Preferred Proponent, or to proceed to negotiations for a Contract, or to award any Contract, and the City reserves the complete right to at any time reject all Proposals, and to terminate this RFP process. 4 Proponent’s Expenses Proponents are solely responsible for their own expenses in preparing, and submitting Proposals, and for any meetings, negotiations or discussions with the City or its representatives and consultants, relating to or arising from this RFP. The City and its representatives, agents, consultants and advisors will not be liable to any Proponent for any claims, whether for costs, expenses, losses or damages, or loss of anticipated profits, or for any other matter whatsoever, incurred by the Proponent in preparing and submitting a Proposal, or participating in negotiations for a Contract, or other activity related to or arising out of this RFP. 6 No Contract By submitting a Proposal and participating in the process as outlined in this RFP, Proponents expressly agree that no contract of any kind is formed under, or arises from, this RFP, prior to the signing of a formal written Contract. 7 Conflict of Interest A Proponent shall disclose in its Proposal any actual or potential conflicts of interest and existing business relationships it may have with the City, its elected or appointed officials or employees. The City may rely on such disclosure. 8 Solicitation of Council Members and City Staff. Proponents and their agents will not contact any member of the City Council or City staff with respect to this RFP, other than the City Representative named in section  1. 8, at any time prior to the award of a contract or the termination of this RFP. 10 Confidentiality All submissions become the property of the City and will not be returned to the Proponent. All submissions will be held in confidence by the City unless otherwise required by law. Proponents should be aware the City is a â€Å"public body† defined by and subject to the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act of British Columbia. Schedule A. SERVICES 1. GENERAL This RFP is inviting potential Proponents to submit Proposals to act as the tenant and sole vendor for a proposed coffee shop (the â€Å"Coffee Shop†) at the Surrey City Centre Library (the â€Å"Library†), currently being constructed at 10350 University Drive, Surrey, BC. The successful Proponent will be responsible for the managing and daily service of the Coffee Shop located on the ground floor of the Library. There will be an opportunity for the successful Proponent to provide catering for meetings and other similar functions, although it is not mandatory for the client to use the Coffee Shop for catering. 2. BACKGROUND As part of the Surrey City Centre plan review and update, the Surrey City Council has approved the construction of a new 5-level library. While the project is currently in the design phase, construction has commenced due to the fast track nature of the project. Currently excavation is complete on the basement and the ground floor slab and reinforcement is being set. It will be poured by Friday June 18, 2010. The Library is conveniently located near bus loops, transit and SkyTrain. The Library will eventually become part of a plaza where community celebrations will take place. Once completed it will be Surrey’s largest library at 75,000 square feet. The City’s new Library will be a unique state of the art environmentally friendly landmark that provides access to the broadest range of information, learning opportunities, and diverse cultural experiences. The new Library will be: The centrepiece for Surrey’s City Centre; adorned in architectural excellence for the 21st century, the library will contribute to the vitality of the city and put Surrey in a class with other great cities. A foundation for the City’s future success by boosting economic and cultural activity and attracting visitors from all parts of the country. A source of pride and a great public space, where the community gathers to celebrate, reflect, connect and share information, knowledge and culture. 3. PROJECT GOAL The goal of this project is to identify a coffee and related food services operator for the Library. 4. THE COFFEE SHOP An exciting opportunity exists on the ground floor to operate a commercial Coffee Shop. The Coffee Shop is located in a high traffic area, between the two main entrances, elevators and new book display. The licence awarded to the successful Proponent would also include a seating area where customers can sit. The consumption of food within the Library itself is allowed. There are several meeting rooms and a large room which can host community events, along with teen areas, study areas, children’s areas and much more. It is also expected that the Library will be utilised by SFU students on a constant basis. 5. LIBRARY HOURS Library opening hours are: Monday to Friday9:30am – 9:00pm Saturday10:00am – 5:00pm Sunday 1:00pm – 5:00pm 6. 2009 PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC The following figures represent the estimated visits at all the public library branches for 2009. |BRANCH |VISITORS | |Cloverdale | 163,605 | |Fleetwood | 262,717 | |Guildford | 582,361 | |Newton | 357,045 | |Ocean Park | 193,167 | |Port Kells | 7,410 | |Semiahmoo | 305,162 | |Strawberry Hill | 357,166 | |Whalley | 276,406 | It is estimated that traffic for the Library will mirror that of the Whalley branch, and is expected to increase due to the development taking place in the area. 7. EXPECTATIONS OF THE SUCCESSFUL PROPONENT The City would require the successful Proponent to offer a variety of food and beverage choices that include healthy and nutritious options for all customers, many of whom are school-aged children. The Surrey Public Library Board has approved the policy (policy 3. 8 Healthy Food Options) that the Library provides a healthy food option for programs, special events and contests. No alcohol is to be allowed. There is to be no food smell generation if preparation is required and there is to be no electric grinding (e. g. coffee beans) on the Coffee Shop floor due to noise levels. All grinding can be done in the storage room, manually or prior to Library opening hours. Loading of stock for the Coffee Shop can be done via the west entrance of the ground floor or via the elevators from the underground parkade. Persons meeting in the conference rooms are permitted to cater from external companies although there is the opportunity for the successful Proponent to cater these functions if prior arrangements are made between the two parties. The opening date for the Coffee Shop is yet to be determined, however, it is expected to be up and running by early Summer of 2011. The Coffee Shop is expected to be operational during Library opening hours. Opening times for the Coffee Shop are to be from the Library’s opening time to half an hour prior to the Library’s closing. The successful Proponent would be able to enter the building half an hour prior to the Library’s opening time. The successful Proponent is to supply any equipment needed for the Coffee Shop to function including, but not limited to, coffee machines, refrigerator, signage, counter cooler case, etc. All business licences and food permits are the responsibility of the Proponent. 8. SUCCESSFUL PROPONENT’S WORK RESPONSIBILITIES a) Should there be any structural changes which have been reviewed and approved by the City prior to the execution of such changes, the tenant is to supply all tenant improvement plans signed and sealed by professional engineers or architects to be approved by the City. b) The tenant is to provide evidence of insurance for the City`s approval as specified in the License Agreement (refer to Schedule B – License Agreement). c) The tenant is expected to supply all equipment needed to sufficiently run the coffee shop including, but not limited to, coffee machines and espresso equipment, undercounter refrigerators, shelving in the storage room, display cooler case, paper towel dispenser, milk cooler, microwave, cash register and trash bins. 9. COLD DRINK BEVERAGES The City has an agreement with The Pepsi Bottling Group (Canada), Co. (â€Å"Pepsi†), for the exclusive supply of cold drink beverages for all City facilities, including the Library. Therefore, the successful Proponent is to work directly with Pepsi for the supply of cold drink beverages, including: †¢ Carbonated soft drinks †¢ Teas other than fresh brewed †¢ Juices. †¢ Juice-based products †¢ Lemonade †¢ Isotonics †¢ Sports drinks †¢ Energy drinks †¢ Bottled water Excluded Beverages: †¢ Milk †¢ Flavoured milk †¢ Cold coffee †¢ Branded or unbranded fresh brewed coffee or tea †¢ Hot chocolate †¢ Unbranded fresh squeezed juices †¢ Smoothies and milkshakes The agreement with Pepsi is to expire in 2011. 10. SNACK FOODS The City has an agreement with Ryan Company Ltd. (â€Å"Ryan Vending†), for the exclusive supply of a healthier snack foods program and vending services for all City facilities, including the Library. Therefore, the successful Proponent is to work directly with Ryan Vending for the supply of snack foods. 11. CITY’ RESPONSIBILITIES The City is to complete the Licence Area, as set out in Schedule B, in a good and workmanlike manner, at the City’s cost, using new materials and to the following extent: a) Interior wall taped and sanded drywall to code, painted white; b) Ceiling is to be painted concrete; c) The floor will be finished with a rubber covering; d) Counter tops on the horizontal front counter is to be a white laminate; e) The vertical section of the counters shall be an East Coast maple; f) The counter at the back of the shop floor containing the sink, and the backsplash, is to be white Corian; g) There will be an apple ply edging where the vertical edge of the counters meets the horizontal at the front counter; h) There is to be recessed lighting fixtures above the back counter, surface mounted fixture on painted concrete ceiling to light signage and menu and pendant fixtures at the front counter; i) All signage, including Menu board, must be approved by the City and the design team (Bing Thom Architects). The preferred signage for the Coffee Shop is electric flat screens, however, the design team is open to ideas regarding electronic signage from Proponents. This will have no impact on the evaluation of the Proponent’ Proposal; j) The City will provide the main sink and handwash sink located in the back counter; k) A 25mm domestic hot and cold water line with backflow preventor will be installed for refrigerator and coffee machine; and l) A 20mm domestic hot and cold water pipe and a 40mm sanitary drain will be installed for each of the two (2) sinks. term The Proponent will provide the Services set out in this Schedule  A and A-1 for a term not to exceed five years (including renewal) commencing in the early Summer of 2011 (the Term). A. The Licensor is the owner of those lands and premises located at 10350 University Blvd within the City of Surrey, Province of British Columbia, and more particularly known and described as: Parcel Identifier: 028-179-951 Parcel 1 Section 27 Block 5 N Range 2 West New Westminster District Plan BCP44240 (the Lands) on which is located theCity Centre Library. B. The Licensee wishes to obtain from the Licensor a licence to use those portions of the building located on the Lands as follows: 1. Area A Concession and Storage Room (Licence Area A) which area is approximately 141. 9 sq. ft. and shown on the plan attached hereto as Schedule A; and 2. Area B Seating Area (Licence Area B) as shown on the plan attached hereto as Schedule A (collectively the Licence Area) C. The Licensee intends to use the Licence Area for the retail sale of coffee, tea, and other products as outlined in this Licence. D. Licence Area A shall be for the exclusive use of the Licensee, and Licence Area  B shall be for the non-exclusive use of the Licensee. NOW THEREFORE in consideration of the sum of ONE DOLLAR paid by each of the parties to each other and other good and valuable consideration (the receipt and sufficiency of which each party hereby acknowledges) the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows: 1. In this License the parties agree that: (a)Additional Rental means the moneys payable hereunder, together with all other sums of money, whether or not designated as Additional Rental, to be paid by the Licensee whether to the Licensor or otherwise under this License save and except Minimum Rental and Percentage Rental; (b)Commencement Date of Term means ______________, 2011; (c)Gross Revenue means the entire amount of the sales price, whether wholesale or retail, for cash, credit, or otherwise of all sales of merchandise and services, and all other receipts and receivables whatsoever of all business conducted at, in, upon, or from the Licence Area, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, receipts and receivables in respect of any sale effected by the Licensee using any computer. Electronic, telephone, internet, or like system, where the Product is sent via the Licence Area or by the Licensee directly to a consumer, orders taken at or received at the Licence Area, although such orders may be filled elsewhere by the Licensee, deposits not refunded to customers, the selling price of gift certificates, charges to customers in the nature of interest or carrying or financing charges, sums, and credits received, and settlement of claims for loss of or damage to goods. No deductions shall be allowed for uncollected or uncollectible credit accounts. There shall not be included in Gross Revenue: (i)any sums shown separately from the price and collected and paid out for any direct retail sales tax imposed by any duly constituted governmental authority; (ii)the exchange of goods and merchandise between the stores of the Licensee, if any, where such exchange of goods or merchandise is made solely for the convenient operation of the business of the Licensee and not for the purpose of consummating a sale which has previously been made or agreed to be made at, in, from, or upon the Licence Area or for the purpose of depriving the Licensor of the benefit of a sale which otherwise would be made at, in, from, or upon the Licence Area; (iii)the Licensee’s original cost of returns to suppliers or to manufacturers; (iv)the amount of merchandise sold when such merchandise is thereafter returned by the purchaser and accepted by the Licensee, and a complete credit is given to the purchaser; and (v)the selling price of gift or merchandise certificates or coupons sold other than from the Licence Area, provided that such gift or merchandise certificates or coupons shall be included in the calculation of Gross Revenue at the time of their redemption. (vi)Each sale upon an installment or credit basis shall be treated as a sale for the full price in the month in which that sale is made regardless of the time when the Licensee receives payment, whether full or partial, from its customer; (d)Lands means as hereinbefore defined in recital A; (e)Licence Year means a 12-month period commencing with the first day of January in one calendar year and ending on the last day of December of that year, providing that the first Licence Year shall commence on the Commencement Date of Term and end on the last day of December next following and the last Licence Year shall end on the last day of the Term and commence on the first day of January preceding that date; (f)Licence Area means Licence Area A and Licence Area B; (g)Licence Area A means those portions of the building located on the Lands shown highlighted in pink and marked as Area A. Concession and Area A Storage room, which area is approximately 141. 9 sq. ft. ; (h)Licence Area B means those portions of the building located on the Lands shown highlighted in yellow and marked as Area B. Seating Area; (i)Minimum Rental means the minimum annual rental reserved hereunder payable by the Licensee; (j)Product means coffee, tea, soft drinks, juices, pastries, sandwiches and related items as specified in the menu attached as Schedule C which menu may be amended from time to time with the agreement of the Licensor and the Licensee; (k)Percentage Rental means the percentage rental reserved hereunder and payable by the Licensee; (l)Real Property Taxes means all taxes, rates and assessments, whether general or specially levied or assessed for municipal, school, general or any other purposes by any lawful government authority payable by the Landlord in respect of the Demised Premises and shall include any other taxes payable by the Landlord which in the future are levied in lieu of or in addition to such taxes, rates and assessments the whole as finally determined for each calendar year as a result of assessment, appeal or judicial review, and shall include any legal fees, or appraisers fees incurred by the Landlord in respect of such final determination. (m)Rental means Additional Rental, Percentage Rental, if any, and Minimum Rental; and (n)Term means _______ (__) years commencing on the Commencement Date of the Term and ending on the _____ day of ________, 20__. 2. The Licensor hereby grants to the Licensee a licence to occupy and use Licence Area A on an exclusive basis and Licence Area B on a non-exclusive basis commencing on the Commencement Date of Term for Term unless sooner terminated as hereinafter provided. 3. To use Licence Area for the retail sale of the Products and to use Licence Area B to provide a seating area for the benefit of visitors to and staff of the City Centre Library and for no other purpose during the Term. 4. The Licensor covenants and agrees to pay to the Licensor, in lawful money of Canada, on the days and at the times hereinafter specified, Rental which shall include the aggregate of the sums required to be paid: (a)Minimum Rental and Percentage Rental: The Tenant shall pay the greater of: (i). Minimum Rental of $________ per month commencing on the Commencement Date of Term and the 1st day of each and every month thereafter throughout the Term; or (ii)the Percentage Rental which shall be ___% of Gross Revenue per Licence Year; (b)Additional Rental Any sums, costs, expenses or other amounts from time to time due and payable by the Tenant to the Landlord or to any third persons under the provisions of this Licence, including, without limitation, all amounts payable under Section 4. 3 and Article 5 and all amounts payable by the Tenant by way of indemnity, whether expressed in this Licence to be Basic Rent or Additional Rent or not shall be treated and deemed to be Rent and the Landlord shall have all remedies for the collection of such sums, costs, expenses or other amounts, when in arrears, as are available to the Landlord for collection of Rent in arrears. The Licensee shall also pay for: (i)the removal of garbage generated by the Licencee to the main garbage receptacle, cleaning of spills and pick up of litter in Licence Area B, and any other like service rendered to the Licence Area for the benefit of the Licensee and paid by the Licensor. (ii)the amount of Real Property Taxes applicable to the Licence Area in every Licence Year during the Term or any renewal thereof as and when prescribed by the Landlord.

Patient Advisory Board Internship

Patient Advisory Board Internship Patient Advisory Board Internship at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital For this cooperative education project I have chosen to write about my internship at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFGH). I was chosen for this internship from a pool of pre-medical student applicants based on my resume, letter of interest and in person interview. The work was advertised as needing someone to run the formal Patient Advisory Board Council (PAC). I wasnt aware until my interview with the Medical Director and Floor Manager that I would be doing much more than running a once a month meeting. I would also be in charge of recruiting new members to the PAC, seeking out presenters and providers wishing for patient input, enrolling patients in and training them to use the online SF Health Network Patient Portal, running the monthly Diabetes in Motion Clinic, and doing various other small duties around the hospital. I had to commit to being available 30 hours a week that were flexible but must include Fridays. I was excited to be chosen for this opportunity to ha ve great potential in improving patient health and satisfaction at ZSFGH, San Franciscos community safety net hospital; while also growing my own knowledge of what it takes to provide high quality health services to underserved populations. Before being allowed to start my volunteering duties there were many steps I needed to tackle to be eligible to work with patients, both for my own safety as well as theirs. I had to find time to go to the hospital to procure blood work and testing to be sure I didnt have Tuberculosis or a list of other communicable diseases. I was required to take just over 10 hours of training geared to helping familiarize myself with the layout of the hospital; in addition to how to safely interact on a daily basis with the unique population at ZSFGH. My learning objectives were to understand what I would need to do in my daily work to knowledgably comply within HIPAA rules and NIH safety protocols. Method For my content for this report I performed research on site at my Internship. ZSFGH has an extensive medical library that is free and open to the public. The librarians are well versed in what is available in the event that I had any questions arise during my time there. The Volunteer Services Office also stocks many resources that are available for learning about how best to care for patients wellbeing and properly protecting their personal information online and in daily hospital interactions. I utilized both of these resources in my off-volunteer hours either before or after doing internship qualifying hours. Discussion Literature Review Initial Onboarding In order to be able to be an official volunteer at ZSFGH, I had to complete their online Volunteer Orientation Course. This took about 2 hours and was helpful in walking me through the layout of the SF Health Network as well as the buildings where I would be working. Also outlined were the health requirements of all volunteers in the network requiring blood work and vaccinations. After completing those steps I was assigned a volunteer identification number to be able to log my Internship hours and a badge identifying me as a Volunteer that also shows which clinic I am a part of, my flu-shot status and lists the hospital wide emergency response codes for easy reference. In order to be useful in my positions I needed to learn about the San Francisco Health Network Primary Cares missions and vision for providing the highest quality primary and preventative care to adults, regardless of ability to pay. There are 4 main aims of the clinic that follow from building a foundation of healthy, engaged, and sustained primary care workforce. To ensure an excellent patient experience, optimize access, operations and cost-effectiveness, have sustainable patient centered care and finally, to improve the health of the patients served. The specific clinic I was hired to do my internship with was the Richard Fine Peoples Clinic General Medicine Clinic (RFPC-GMC). This is a clinic consisting of mostly low income, homeless and immigrant patients. The Volunteer Services Office at ZSFGH assisted my learning about patient information security by providing some short video training from the SF Department of Public Health. (Public Welfare, 2009) This helped me learn what information qualifies as needing to be private and secured; treated as sensitive and protected health information. There is an established national set of standards for identifying protected patient health information (PHI) such as a patients demographic data relating to past, present or future medical needs. (The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996) It is anything that can be used to identify patients such as their first or last name, medical record number, phone numbers, email addresses, date of birth, Social Security Number or a ddress. Rules for handling such information is that you must never store PHI on an unencrypted computer, a flash-drive or take home files with PHI. If necessary for an email this information must be encrypted and titled as Secure. Written information must be disposed of in the locked to be shredded bins when no longer needed. Information can be stored on the provided work computer server only accessible by UCSF ward computers. (Burnap, 2012) Unlike a Kaiser or Sutter insurance network hospital or clinic, the SF Health Network is part of the citys health system that provides a significant level of care to low-income, uninsured, and vulnerable patient populations. ZSFGH is a unique in that it is also a training hospital tied with UCSF. Patients benefit from cutting edge training for their Doctors and Residents as well as generous philanthropic funding that the University benefits from annually. A large part of ensuring patient self-empowerment lies in building their networks and increasing accessibility to services, which this funding can bring. (Corburn, 2007) Patient Advisory Council Prior to working within the SF Health Network I was not aware that there were 26 clinics across the city. This aids in vastly improving patients access to care in or near their own neighborhoods. Each clinic was challenged with starting their own PAC in 2016. There are now 21 PACs across the city for various different types of clinics and patient populations including 2 in Spanish and 1 in Mandarin languages. Prior to instating these PACs much of the average providers knowledge of patient satisfaction was just word of mouth. The main motivating force behind coordinating clinic PACs is aimed at inviting longtime and new patients to provide input for quality improvement projects from the ground floor. Assessing involvement at the direct patient level can lead to fast strides in community health improvement. (Dannenberg, 2008) I was responsible for the outcome of the Richard Fine Peoples Clinic PAC. I needed to work on recruiting new and diverse members to the team and learn how to lead a group of people that is outside of my everyday socio-economic peer group toward a common goal. I looked to resources for what has worked for other projects for medical recruiting methods prior to mine. (Dannenberg, 2006) I had to coordinate presenters and inquiring providers to ensure that the board provides helpful information to both patients at the clinic and those within the larger health care network. While the focus was on our individual clinic, there is also a hospital wide PAC that was able to push forward any ideas we might have that would benefit the entire hospital population at ZSFGH. In addition to organizing the agenda for the PAC meetings, my duties involved gathering information from patients and providers that generated from our meetings to then enter them into other systems and/or up-channeling ideas inv olving specific patient populations and their recommendations and desires. Some more recent accounts of improving health at one community level have shown to have a positive impact on the entire city. (Bhatie,Corburn, 2011) I kept meticulous records of all agendas and minutes of every meeting for all attendees records as well as past and future reference needs of progress. I was also assigned to help the RFPC Residents on their new project concerning the SF Health Networks Patient Portal. They tasked me with recruiting current patients to enroll in the waiting room. The Patient Portal is a tool for empowering patients to be proactive regarding their own health. Most of my patients are housing insecure so I had to seek out examples of positive outcomes of patients evolving from homeless to housed and how to be aid those in transition. (Kessell, 2006) A few strategies for recruiting new patient advisors, portal users and clinic class attendees were given to me by the previous Intern that I was replacing. I had to meet quota goals for portal enrollees, training and tracking; recruit new patient users in clinic for the online Patient Portal and do some data entry for tracking contacts, new enrollees and demographics. I had to figure out the best way to narrow down how best to contact clinic patients to arrange one on one training sessions for the online Pa tient Portal. I looked into ways in which your immediate surroundings can shape your ideas of your own perceived ability to achieve healthy outcomes as guiding the ways I would approach patients. (Cummins, 2005) To keep the PAC running, I needed to also book conference rooms for upcoming meetings and was able to book a nice meeting room through December 2017 for ease of transition for the next intern. I made reminder calls and sent out an agenda one week prior to meetings to those members with access to email. I collaborated with members to see what topics they are interested in learning more about for upcoming meetings as I was responsible for coordinating them with presenters. (Dearing, 1996) I surveyed members about what their favorite snack foods were so I could best provide for our meetings. I was allowed to spend $50 for each meeting so we had quite an assortment of foods, all within reason of course as we are promoting healthy lifestyles after all. I guided the meetings but also recorded notes for action items to follow up on as well as to write minutes for future reference as available to the public. Diabetes in Motion Clinic The SF Health Network also has a Community Wellness Program branch that allows for patient learning on a variety of fronts from smoking cessation lectures to Zumba classes and nature walks. The Wellness Programs are offered at several clinics across the city and aim to provide and promote innovative services to staff, patients, their families and all San Franciscans. They are designed to be accessible culturally and linguistically as well as to all physical ability and/or limitation levels. The classes that are part of the Working on Wellness (WOW) Healing Moves, Active Living Initiative are open to all and free of charge. Another important part of my duties was to also work on chronic disease group visits in the diabetes clinic. It was important to help try and understand the unique hurdles specific to this particular patient population. (Bhatia, Seto, 2011) The Diabetes in Motion (DIM) Class was an extra duty inherited by me as the previous Practice Manager moved to Hawaii and requested that the incoming PAC Coordinator (me) adopt the class. This 2 hour class was held once a month and tasked with helping those with Diabetes, the pre-Diabetic and their caregivers better understand how to help improve their conditions. I noticed immediately that there might be low attendance, only 5-10 attendees, due to a lack of a unified agenda across the year of these classes. I researched ideas of how living in an urban environment can impact health and wellness differently than a more rural setting for insight into health problems. (Bodea, 2009) I decided that we would try breaking the class into 2 portions, a movement portion (due to the title) and a healthy eating portion. There was no dedicated staff and, as we had plenty of funding left in the available grant I was able to hire 2 local instructors. I hired Sylvie Minot, leader of the Syzygy Dance Project as an Exercise Instructor and Catherine McConkie, Founder of The Caregivers Table as our Nutritionist. Ms. Minot was able to lead progressive movement exercises that were accessible to all levels of mobility incorporating yoga, stretching and dance movements. The importance of exercise is shown across the lifespan. (Bauman, 2007) During the exercising portion of the class she would lead a discussion about the importance of incorporating movement throughout daily life. (Saelens, 2003) Ms. McConkie would follow for the second half of class with easy and affordable food ideas that she made during the class so the attendees could participate. In addition to making healthy options accessible, she would also pass around ingredients that might be new or unusual for the patients and discuss why certain foods are good or bad to eat. Eat Better, Feel Better! Colorful Choices is a San Francisco Health Service System program aimed at adding more fruits and vegetables to daily routines. I was able to team up with them for our classes to provide free fruits and vegetables to attendees. (Drewnowski, 2004) A $25 Safeway gift card was given to the first 22 participants that stayed for the entire class. Participants were able to take home a bag of food to make the recipe presented in class, for any who could not afford them on their own. (Kim, 2006) I created and distributed English and Spanish language flyers throughout the hospital as well as purchased the patient incentives, organized an agenda with the instructors and ensured 2 interpreters (Spanish and Mandarin language) could attend. Following each class I gathered receipts from all 5 of us leading the course to submit to our grant overseer for documentation and reimbursement. Our attendance went from a low average to roughly 30 patients per class in just 3 months. Patient Portal In addition to putting together the DIM and PAC monthly meetings I was assigned to work with the RFPC Residents that were writing a research paper on empowering patients to improve their own care knowledge. The biggest aspect of this was increasing patient awareness, enrollment and use of the SF Health Networks Patient Portal. This online tool enables patients to see all of their most recent and up to date data from any meetings with providers as well as testing and results. Not only can this aid individual improvement through expanded knowledge of care but it also provides an easily accessible list to give to out-of-network providers. The system also newly rolled out the ability to email your assigned provider. The system self regulates to ease provider burden by immediately rerouting easily accomplished tasks such as appointment scheduling or refill requests before any emails actually go to the provider. Initially, I was tasked with 10 hours per week of recruiting new enrollments in the Patient Portal system by visiting with people in the waiting room. With an iPad in one hand and flyers in multiple languages in the other, I spoke with each patient on hand to see if they were aware of the program and would like to enroll if not already. I tracked demographics for the residents as well as number enrolled by me or already. I also had proxy forms available if someone wanted their child or spouse etcetera to have access to their information due to any learning disabilities or language differences as the system is only currently in English. I was able to use Google Translate as well as my flyers in 6 different languages to speak with everyone in the room one by one. After doing this for 2 months the residents decided I should transition to training users to increase the amount of actual users of the system once enrolled. I utilized the electronic Clinical Works application (eCW) to resear ch which patients were already enrolled in the Portal. I would then call patients with appointments on a particular day for the next week as determined by the Residents until I found about 10 people willing to meet with me before or after their appointments. Together, we would then walk through accessing the system and what benefits and uses it provides to the patient. I would send training videos to anyone I spoke with that wasnt interested in meeting in person that they could view on their own if they so wished and they had access to my UCSF email if they had any further questions arise. The largest barrier to increasing user numbers or active users for the Patient Portal ended up being access to electronics and language barriers. The specific patient population at RFPC has phones that may or may not be web-enabled and a lot of them do not have computers or are computer savvy. In meeting with patients I was able to teach them how to recover their login information and perform simple computer navigation. I provided introductions to the hospital library where free computers are available all day that I had never seen full. The system is eventually scheduled to be accessible in Spanish and Mandarin sometime next year. Extra Tasks There were some one time tasks on my plate as well. I needed to accomplish the yearly update of the Clinic Care Team Boards. All of the providers are divided into one of three color care teams to help ensure that, even if you cannot visit your assigned Doctor, you will see someone familiar with them and your file. The previous boards were on a small black and white listing with a few pictures. I used the Adobe program InDesign to organize everyone by provider type, team, procured color head shots of all providers and found a local print shop to print each team board on a 3 x 5 color poster. I also needed to keep the waiting room stocked of specific informational flyers and magazines every few days. Results Participants Adult patients I was able to add to the PAC were recruited through various methods. Informational flyers were posted in the waiting room and at the pre-appointment health screening station. Providers were encouraged to mention the Council to patients they felt were well informed and/or had the desire to work on quality improvement projects for the Clinic. Most respondents that became full time members of the Council were older adults, 45-72 year old, 4 women and 6 men. Participants were compensated $10 and offered free food (cheese, meat, crackers, fruit, veggies, cookies and water) for their 90 minute participation at each meeting. 3 of the members additionally qualified for free Muni transportation vouchers and 1 for free parking passes. All participants were asked to read the agenda sent to them one week prior to each meeting to prepare any questions or ideas they might have on each topic scheduled to be addressed. Accomplishments Weve been able to get funding to remodel the waiting room with more comfortable furniture, a new color of paint on one wall (blue instead of white) and wall hangers to provide information of free local services available throughout the month. Weve also spearheaded projects such as surveys to fill out prior to your appointment while you wait in the waiting room and converting the waiting room television from daytime drama shows to clinic specific informational ticker that rotates from a video documentary about the namesake of the clinic to various free or affordable services offered throughout the city for the current month. Starting in April, we will be part of the coordinated effort to have Food Pharmacies across the network. In partnership with the SF Marin Food Bank, patients will be able to get a bag of free and healthy food after their appointments. PAC members will be available once a week to assist. Another issue raised was of transit safety. One of our members was on disability due to having been run over by a vehicle while she was legally using a crosswalk. The incident left her unable to work for over a year while undergoing multiple surgeries and a lengthy recovery. We had several presenters come to a meeting to get insight from our patients in regard to possible pedestrian improvements. (Mejia, 2017) The PAC raised money to have a portrait painted of our Clinics namesake, Dr. Richard H. Fine that it is to be hung in the waiting room. We are waiting on the display box that is being made to keep it displayed securely. Dr. Fine founded the General Medicine Clinic at ZSFGH, one of the first outpatient clinics in the nation at a Public Hospital that provides health care to underserved populations. He ran it for 25 years. To recognize and thank Dr. Fine for his acute discernment of patient needs, the General Medicine Clinic (GMC) was renamed as the Richard H. Fine Peoples Clinic (RFPC) in August of 2015 three months before his death. There is a wonderful documentary about his life that I was able to show the PAC members at the end of one of our meetings. (Biker with a Moral Compas: Dr. Dick Fine and the Evolving Culture of SFGH http://mission-healthequity.blogspot.com/2015/07/moral-compass.html) I was able to establish more clear and concise PAC values and guidelines as none had been expressed in writing prior to my tenure as leader. We were to work in partnership and collaboration to address systemic issues versus individual situations. We would do so by working in partnership with the clinic management to support the clinic mission and vision. We would represent the diverse socioeconomic and cultural needs and perspectives of RFPCs patients. We would seek the input of other patients to broaden perspectives. We also established term limits to facilitate turn over and diverse patient representation. Our meetings would create and maintain a safe environment for all members and guests to share ideas and points of view. Respect would be given to the confidential nature of information received at the meetings and we would review and sign HIPAA confidentiality agreements and release forms annually as opposed to only upon initial recruitment. As the PAC coordinator I worked hand i n hand with the Clinic Champion, Mr. Michael McGuire who, as the Practice Manager of RFPC was the link between the PAC and clinic leadership. He was able to provide some assistance to help me coordinate with staff and providers to ensure successful collaboration on PAC initiatives help me ensure progress was being made on PAC projects. DIM The grant to fund the DIM Clinic was picked up for renewal for next year and the instructors I chose were invited to stay and wished to do so. The dramatic increase in attendee numbers rose from 5 or 10 to upwards of 30 under my tenure. We received a lot of positive feedback from patients with successful weight loss and blood sugar stabilization. Patient Portal Recruiting Training I was able to interact with 815 patients in the waiting room and successfully enrolled 230 new Portal users. For online, in person training I spoke with 87 patients over the phone and met one on one with 34 for individualized training. This data will be included in the Residents research paper as well as my experiences with what the patient population specific challenges were for our Clinic. Conclusion I was able to impart some positive change within the community of ZSFGH during my Internship. I also learned several important lessons such as how communication can be difficult at times but its helpful to try to display an open and approachable demeanor. Patients may be upset when they do not receive what they have requested from staff, but remaining clam and expressing compassion can help diffuse and redirect the situation. Because of Dr. Fines close connections to the community, he was able to hear about subsets of people who were not seeking health care and make visible what was invisible to many. I am happy to have been a part of so many diverse projects to assist disenfranchised and marginalized populations of San Francisco. Empowering patients to be proactive about their own care and the outcomes they wish to see has been my main take away from this internship. Helping patients to see ways to incrementally improve their own physical and mental health can not only save money in treatments not needed down the line but also be the first steps towards becoming more independent and being well enough to provide their own income and stable housing. While the community wellness programs in San Francisco promote interventions aimed at addressing lifestyle issues such as diet and smoking, they also recognize the ways in which social determinants of health such as housing status, neighborhood safety, and access to affordable healthy food play a critical role in wellness promotion and encouraging healthy lifestyle choices. With this in mind, I worked to incorporate strategies such as public health education and advocacy in addressing poor health outcomes during my Internship. References Bauman A, Bull F. Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity and Walking in Adults and Children: A Review of Reviews. 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